TABLE 2.
Adjusted rates of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits per 100,000 people for mental health conditions pre‐COVID (2017–2019 annual average) and during‐COVID (2020).
| Setting | Mental health conditions (Overall) | Serious mental condition | Other mental condition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017–2019 | 2020 | 2017–2019 | 2020 | 2017–2019 | 2020 | |
| Inpatient hospitalizations | ||||||
| Canada | 386.9 (335.2, 438.6) | 344.0 (265.7, 422.3) | 302.1 (255.2, 349.1) | 260.7 (192.1, 329.4) | 83.0 (70.5, 95.5) | 73.2 (54.3, 92.1) |
| England | 133 (115.5, 150.5) | 115.9 (89.6, 142.2) | 72.8 (61.7, 83.9) | 58.6 (43.2, 74) | 60.6 (51.5, 69.7) | 55.5 (41.2, 69.8) |
| Finland | 520.6 (451.7, 589.4) | 578.2 (446.8, 709.6) | 426.0 (360.5, 491.6) | 451.9 (333.0, 570.8) | 103.4 (87.8, 118.9) | 127.9 (94.9, 160.9) |
| France | 987.6 (857.6, 1117.6) | 837.9 (648.0, 1027.8) | 653.9 (554.5, 753.3) | 547.3 (404.0, 690.6) | 328 (278.7, 377.2) | 286.9 (213, 360.8) |
| NZL | 333.3 (289.4, 377.3) | 342.1 (264.3, 419.8) | 234.8 (199.0, 270.6) | 237.2 (174.9, 299.5) | 91.0 (77.2, 104.8) | 93.0 (68.9, 117.1) |
| Spain | 87.4 (75.9, 98.9) | 53.9 (41.7, 66.2) | 52.4 (44.4, 60.4) | 30.8 (22.7, 38.9) | 32.3 (27.4, 37.1) | 20.4 (15.1, 25.7) |
| Switzerland | 689.5 (598.4, 780.5) | 677.3 (523.5, 831.1) | 497.0 (420.9, 573.2) | 509.9 (375.8, 644.1) | 204.8 (174.1, 235.5) | 191.7 (142.2, 241.2) |
| US | 713.0 (617.5, 808.4) | 813.1 (627.2, 999.0) | 637.8 (537.9, 737.8) | 745.5 (547.6, 943.5) | 125.7 (106.6, 144.8) | 130.4 (96.5, 164.3) |
| p‐value across 8 countries | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| ED visits | ||||||
| Canada | 808.3 (725.9, 890.8) | 646.5 (535.7, 757.4) | 238.0 (204.7, 271.4) | 177.1 (135.4, 218.7) | 570.9 (524.1, 617.6) | 469.6 (404.9, 534.2) |
| Finland | 255.3 (229.4, 281.3) | 248.4 (205.6, 291.3) | 105.0 (90.3, 119.7) | 102.4 (78.2, 126.7) | 150.2 (137.8, 162.5) | 145.8 (125.4, 166.2) |
| France | 240.5 (216.1, 264.9) | 217.3 (180.0, 254.6) | 99.7 (85.7, 113.6) | 87.2 (66.7, 107.7) | 139.7 (128.3, 151.1) | 129.4 (111.6, 147.2) |
| US | 958.0 (861.4, 1054.6) | 863.7 (716, 1011.3) | 502.6 (433.1, 572.1) | 466.2 (356.9, 575.4) | 455.9 (419.0, 492.9) | 398.6 (343.9, 453.3) |
| p‐value across 4 countries | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Combined inpatient and ED | ||||||
| Canada | 1150.5 (1016.6, 1284.3) | 957.5 (768.6, 1146.4) | 515.4 (440.4, 590.3) | 420.9 (317.7, 524.0) | 629.4 (575.8, 683.0) | 527.8 (451.2, 604.5) |
| Finland | 776.0 (685.8, 866.2) | 817.1 (655.7, 978.5) | 516.1 (441.4, 590.8) | 532.1 (401.7, 662.5) | 254.2 (232.4, 276.0) | 275.4 (235.1, 315.7) |
| France | 1268.3 (1120.1, 1416.5) | 1082.8 (868.6, 1297.0) | 772.0 (660.2, 883.8) | 645.2 (486.9, 803.5) | 477.5 (436.2, 518.8) | 423.3 (361.5, 485.1) |
| US | 1612.6 (1425.9, 1799.4) | 1602.4 (1285.8, 1919.0) | 1066.8 (912.1, 1221.4) | 1108.1 (835.4, 1380.7) | 578.2 (528.8, 627.6) | 529.3 (452.3, 606.4) |
| p‐value across 4 countries | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |