Table 1.
PROGRESS participant characteristics (N = 468).
| Characteristics | Total sample | Males (n = 235) | Females (n = 233) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years), mean (SD) | 27.6 (5.63) | 27.9 (5.46) | 27.2 (5.78) |
| Maternal education, n (%) | |||
| < High school | 189 (40.4) | 103 (43.8) | 86 (36.9) |
| High school | 177 (37.8) | 82 (34.9) | 95 (40.8) |
| > High school | 102 (21.8) | 50 (21.3) | 52 (22.3) |
| Maternal ever asthma, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) |
| No | 465 (99.4) | 233 (99.1) | 232 (99.6) |
| ETS, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 144 (30.8) | 72 (30.6) | 72 (30.9) |
| No | 324 (69.2) | 163 (69.4) | 161 (69.1) |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.19) | 26.8 (4.05) | 26.1 (4.30) |
| Parity, n (%) | |||
| Primiparous | 282 (60.3) | 148 (63.0) | 134 (57.5) |
| Multiparous | 186 (39.7) | 87 (37.0) | 99 (42.5) |
| Child age at 4–6 years visit, mean (SD) | 4.8 (0.55) | 4.8 (0.54) | 4.8 (0.56) |
| Child age at 7–8 years visit, mean (SD) | 6.7 (0.54) | 6.7 (0.55) | 6.7 (0.53) |
| Respiratory outcomes | |||
| (4–6 years of age), n (%) | |||
| Ever wheeze | 123 (26.3) | 68 (28.9) | 55 (23.6) |
| Current wheeze | 60 (12.8) | 37 (15.7) | 23 (9.9) |
| Ever asthma | 14 (3.0) | 8 (3.4) | 6 (2.6) |
| Respiratory outcomes | |||
| (7–8 years of age), n (%) | |||
| Ever wheeze | 75 (16.0) | 41 (17.4) | 34 (14.6) |
| Current wheeze | 27 (5.8) | 16 (6.8) | 11 (4.7) |
| Ever asthma | 21 (4.5) | 14 (6.0) | 7 (3.0) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; BMI, body mass index.