Fig. 1.

Heatmap of immune-related genes generated by unsupervised clustering. Samples were grouped into three based on their immune-related gene expression; one cluster had lower expression (cluster 1), another one had higher expression (cluster 2), and the last one showed intermediate expression (cluster 3). The clustering of each group was not determined by recurrence status. However, a potential relationship between immune-related gene expression patterns, TIL levels, and prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was observed. Cluster 1 consistently exhibited tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte infiltration of less than 10%. Additionally, none of the cases in Cluster 2 had undergone NAC. Color keys for sample annotation are displayed on the right