Comparison of the proposed technique with conventional methods.

Technique	Sample extraction	Extraction time (min)	Sensitivity (ng mL−1)	Volume consumption (μL)	References
GC-MS	Needed	>60	150	20–30	12
PSI-MS	Needed	5–15	350	500	40
PESI-MS	—	5–15	500	>80	41
LC-MS/MS	Needed	>60	98	60–90	14
AAS/AFS	Needed	≥30	56	40	42
ICP-OESMS	Needed	≥15	20	60	17
ICP-MS	Needed	≥45	20	60	18
ESI-MPIMS	—	<0.5	3.5	<0.2	This study