. 2024 Nov 25;168(6):e240253. doi: 10.1530/REP-24-0253
This work is licensed under a Table 3.
Fertility preservation (semen analysis or TESE outcomes) in TGD people with testes.
| Age group | GAHT exposure status | Technique used | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult | No prior GnRHa and GAHT exposure | Semen collection | Poor semen parameters compared to referenced cisgender samples | Adeleye et al. (2019b); Rodriguez-Wallberg et al. (2021a); Hamada et al. (2015); Barda et al. (2023); de Nie et al. (2020); Li et al. (2018) |
| Poor semen parameter in post-thawed samples | de Nie et al. (2020); Hamada et al. (2015) | |||
| With continued GnRHa/GAHT at collection | Semen collection | Low semen parameters compared to previously-used GAHT and GAHT-naïve | Adeleye et al. (2019b) | |
| Stop GnRHa/GAHT at collection | Semen collection | Semen parameters poorer than GAHT-naïve TGD samples | Rodriguez-Wallberg et al. (2021a) | |
| Semen parameters comparable with GAHT-naïve TGNB samples. | Adeleye et al. (2019b); Barda et al. (2023) | |||
| Semen parameters higher than continuously-used GAHT | Adeleye et al. (2019b) | |||
| Semen collection or testicular sperm extraction | Natural conceptions reported in 3/9 cases; Viable sperm retrieved from all 9 cases by semen collection or testicular sperm extraction. | de Nie et al. (2023) | ||
| Peripubertal | No prior GnRHa and GAHT exposure | Semen collection (16-24-year-old TGDs) | Normal semen parameters except for low percentage (3%) of normal morphology compared to normal reference per Modified Kruger criteria (>13%) in group with mean age 19.5 | Barnard et al. (2019) |
| Testicular sperm extraction (13-17-year-old TGDs) | Successful sperm retrieval (68%, 17/25) | Peri et al. (2021) | ||
| With continued GnRHa/GAHT at collection | No data | No data | No data | |
| Stop GnRHa/GAHT at collection | Semen collection (age 17.5 at GnRHa initiation, age 18 at retrieval, n=1) | 12 sperm (2 motile) found 3 months after suspending GnRHa; Normal semen sample 5 months after suspending GnRHa | Barnard et al. (2019) | |
| Semen collection (age 18 at initiation, age 19 at retrieval, n=1) | Azoospermic at 4 months after suspending GAHT | Barnard et al. (2019) |
GnRHa, Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist; GAHT, gender-affirming hormone therapy