Table 1. Comparison of existing wireless protocols.

Parameters	Energy consumption	Transmission range	Cost	Frequency band	Data rate	Standard
Wimax	Medium	<50 Km	High	2–66 GHz	1 Mb/s–1 Gb/s (Fixed) 50–100 Mb/s (mobile)	IEEE 802.16
ZigBee	Low	10–20 m	Low	2.4 GHz	20–250 Kb/s	IEEE 802.15.4
Wi-Fi	High	20–100 m	High	5–60 GHz	1 Mb/s–7 Gb/s	IEEE 802.11 a/c/b/d/g/n
MQTT	Low	–	Low	2.4 GHz	250 kbps	OASIS
RFID	Low	1–5 m	Low	860,960 MHz	40 to 160 kbit/s	ISO 18000-6C
Sigfox	Low	30–50 km	Low	200 kHz	100–600 bit/s	SigFox
Mobile communication	Medium	Entire cellular area	Medium	865 MHz, 2.4 GHz	2G: 50–100 kb/s 3G:200 kb/s 4G: 0.1–1 Gb/s	2G-GSM, CDMA.3GUMTS, CDMA2000, 4G-LTE
Bluetooth	Low	1–24 Mb/s	Low	24 GHz	1–24 Mb/s	IEEE 802.15.1
LR-WPAN	Low	40–250 Kb/s	Low	868/915 MHz, 2.4 GHz	40–250 Kb/s	IEEE 802.16
LoRaWAN	Very low	<30 KM	High	868/900 MHz	0.3–50 Kb/s	LoRaWAN R1.0