Table 4. Summarized results of proposed technique with their respective metrics.

Techniques	Scalability	Shortest distance	Resource allocation	Efficiency	Cost efficiency	QoS
Clustering (Bhasgi & Terdal, 2021; Miglani et al., 2020; Abidoye & Kabaso, 2021)	✓	✓	✓
Data aggregation (Kaswan, Nitesh & Jana, 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Surenther, Sridhar & Roberts, 2023)				✓		✓
Dynamic routing (Bai et al., 2020; Memon et al., 2021; Nitesh, Kaswan & Jana, 2019)	✓		✓		✓	✓
Multi hop routing (Chen et al., 2018; Mehto, Tapaswi & Pattanaik, 2020)		✓	✓	✓		✓
Load balancing (Nitesh, Kaswan & Jana, 2019; Chen et al., 2020)	✓			✓	✓
Prim’s algorithm	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓