Table 1.

Survey covariate measures

Topic/Variable	Covariate Measure	Link to survey instrument
Outcomes
Buprenorphine uptake/adherence	“How often do you take it? What is the dosage? Are you taking it correctly (as prescribed)? If not, why?” “Did you run out of your prescription before getting a refill?” “Have you stopped taking Suboxone?”	study generated (augmented by biomarkers/: urinary drug screens at the library and clinic, pharmacy pickup data from the federal CURES database, and clinic medical record data for appointment adherence)
Substance Use	NIDA-Modified ASSIST V2.0 [57]	http://www.sbirtoregon.org/wp-content/uploads/Modified-ASSIST-English-pdf.pdf
Alcohol Use	AUDIT-C [58]	https://cde.drugabuse.gov/instrument/f229c68a-67ce-9a58-e040-bb89ad432be4 or https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nmassist.pdf
Motivation (e.g., to stop using opioids, to take buprenoprhine)	Readiness Ruler [59]	https://case.edu/socialwork/centerforebp/resources/readiness-ruler
Depression and Anxiety	PHQ-4 [60]	https://www.oregonpainguidance.org/app/content/uploads/2016/05/PHQ-4.pdf
Background
Childhood Trauma Experiences	ACES [61]	https://www.acesaware.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ACE-Questionnaire-for-Adults-Identified-English-rev7.26.22.pdf
Social Support	MOS Social Support Survey [62]	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2035047/
Experience with Technology	Adapted from Dr. Garfein’s VDOT study [63]	Garfein, et al. (2018). Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA. Emerging infectious diseases, 24(10), 1806–1815. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180459
Library Usage	Questions around individuals use of the library (e.g., time spent visiting, activities at library, frequency of visits)	study generated
OUD Treatment Histories	Questions eliciting information on prior pharmacological or psychological treatment of opioid use disorder (e.g., methadone, counseling)	study generated