Metabolic characterization of PAH animals. A) Image shows 2D Score plot Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) representing distinct metabolite profiles across 4 different groups (Red colour: Control [n = 6], Green colour: Exercise [n = 6], Blue colour: PAH [n = 4], and Sky blue colour: PAH + Exercise [n = 5]). B-D)Image shows a 2D Score plot PLS-DA representing distinct metabolite profiles across 2 different groups. B) Control Vs Exercise (Red colour: Control [n = 6], Green colour: Exercise [n = 6]). C) Control Vs PAH (Red colour: Control [n = 6], Green colour: PAH [n = 4]). D) PAH vs PAH + Exercise (Red colour: PAH [n = 4], Green colour: PAH + Exercise [n = 5]). E) A pie chart depicting the classification of metabolites based on their biochemical characterization.