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. 2024 Nov 22;12:e63795. doi: 10.2196/63795

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©Satoshi Shimoo, Keitaro Senoo, Taku Okawa, Kohei Kawai, Masahiro Makino, Jun Munakata, Nobunari Tomura, Hibiki Iwakoshi, Tetsuro Nishimura, Hirokazu Shiraishi, Keiji Inoue, Satoaki Matoba. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (https://medinform.jmir.org), 22.11.2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Medical Informatics, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://medinform.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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F wave extraction. (A) The R wave time was peak detected. (B) The Q wave time was obtained by subtracting 37 ms, the typical ventricular activation time, from the R wave time; the T wave time was obtained by adding 200 ms to the R wave time. (C) For each QRST interval, the f wave was extracted using a principal component analysis.