Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total (N=189) | PeAFa (n=130) | LsPeAFb (n=59) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.36 (9.8) | 70.95 (10.06) | 72.25 (9.22) | .50 | |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 133 (70.4) | 84 (65) | 49 (83.1) | .01 | |
| Height (m), mean (SD) | 162.91 (9.51) | 162.27 (10.21) | 164.33 (7.63) | .25 | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 64.84 (13.13) | 64.24 (13.72) | 66.14 (11.73) | .19 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.31 (3.83) | 24.27 (3.95) | 24.4 (3.59) | .95 | |
| BSAc (m2), mean (SD) | 1.69 (0.2) | 1.68 (0.21) | 1.72 (0.17) | .17 | |
| Past history, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Heart failure | 66 (35) | 46 (35.4) | 20 (34) | .84 |
|
|
Stroke | 23 (12.2) | 16 (12.3) | 7 (12) | .93 |
|
|
Hypertension | 129 (68.3) | 86 (66.2) | 43 (73) | .36 |
|
|
Diabetes | 40 (21.2) | 25 (19.2) | 15 (25.4) | .33 |
|
|
Dyslipidemia | 91 (48.1) | 58 (45) | 33 (56) | .15 |
|
|
CKDd | 54 (29) | 36 (28) | 18 (30.5) | .69 |
|
|
CPDe | 7 (4) | 6 (5) | 1 (1.7) | .32 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
|
|
LADf, mean (SD) | 44.49 (7.05) | 44.05 (6.07) | 45.47 (8.82) | .11 |
|
|
Ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 62.89 (10.22) | 62.02 (11.29) | 64.81 (7.03) | .25 |
|
|
MRg>moderate, n (%) | 17 (9) | 14 (11) | 3 (5.1) | .21 |
| ECGh data, mean (SD) | |||||
|
|
Heart rate | 83.33 (18.37) | 87.59 (18.03) | 73.96 (15.51) | <.001 |
|
|
QRS width | 101.16 (14.52) | 101.94 (15.97) | 99.46 (10.58) | .62 |
|
|
SV1 amplitude | 0.72 (0.44) | 0.75 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.31) | .35 |
|
|
RV5 amplitude | 1.8 (0.68) | 1.81 (0.71) | 1.77 (0.63) | .96 |
|
|
R＋Si | 2.52 (0.86) | 2.56 (0.89) | 2.42 (0.78) | .46 |
aPeAF: persistent atrial fibrillation.
bLsPeAF: long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation.
cBSA: body surface area.
dCKD: chronic kidney disease.
eCPD: chronic pulmonary disease.
fLAD: left atrial diameter.
gMR: mitral regurgitation.
hECG: electrocardiogram.
iR+S: SV1 amplitude+RV5 amplitude.