Table 1.

Baseline characteristics in the zonisamide treatment and placebo groups.

	zonisamide group n = 33	placebo n = 34	p
age, mean, years	72.8 ± 7.6	71.9 ± 8.3	0.632
men, n	19 (57.6)	18 (52.9)	0.703 §
height (cm), mean	160.14 ± 7.78	157.81 ± 9.48	0.227
weight (kg), mean	56.15 ± 9.8	55.28 ± 12.84	0.759
disease duration (months), median	112.0, 60 to 408	108.0, 60 to 276	0.342 †
presence of comorbidities associated with PD	15 (45.5)	16 (47.1)	0.895
Mini-Mental State Examination, median	29.0, 26 to 30	29.0, 23 to 30	0.845 †
Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅰ, n	3 (9.1)	4 (11.8)	0.943 ‡
Ⅱ	18 (54.5)	16 (47.1)
Ⅲ	7 (21.2)	7 (20.6)
Ⅳ	5 (15.2)	7 (20.6)
MDS-UPDRS part 3, mean	27.9 ± 15.0	23.9 ± 13.1	0.25
MDS-UPDRS part 4, median	4.0, 0 to 15.0	4.0, 0 to 17.0	0.84 †
PDSS-2, mean	22.9 ± 8.3	23.2 ± 8.6	0.87
motor symptoms at night	6.4 ± 3.6	6.0 ± 3.7	0.718
PD symptoms at night	5.7 ± 3.6	5.9 ± 4.0	0.83
disturbed sleep	10.8 ± 3.0	11.3 ± 2.8	0.514
RBDSQ, mean	5.7 ± 3.1	5.6 ± 3.1	0.924
Pittsburg sleep questionnaire, mean	8.5 ± 4.0	8.8 ± 3.3	0.737
Beck Depression Inventory, mean	13.8 ± 7.5	16.0 ± 9.9	0.322
Parkinson’s Fatigue scale	47.9 ± 15.7	53.7 ± 15.9	0.151
MDS-Non motor rating scale
psychosis, median	0, 0 to 10	0, 0 to 18	0.795 †
anxiety, median	4.0, 0 to 22	5.5, 0 to 20	0.6 †

PD: Parkinson's disease, PDSS: Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2 Japanese version,

RBDSQ: Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening questionnaire Japanese version,

MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society Revision of the Unified PD Rating Scale,

data are reported as mean (standard deviation), median (range), or number (%),

† Wilcoxon's rank sum test, § χ2 test, ‡ Fisher's exact test.