TABLE 7.

Results of EMG activation duration (sec) between the groups.

Movement	Muscle	Experienced	Novice	p-value	ES
Chest lift	RA	48.7 ± 23.88	48.5 ± 29.36	0.98	0.01
	EO	40.2 ± 30.63	46.1 ± 39.12	0.61	0.17
	MU	5.95 ± 13.98	11.1 ± 22.27	0.40	0.28
	LO	0.1 ± 0.32	10.1 ± 25.46	0.10	0.78
Spine stretch	RA	14.7 ± 28.23	24.2 ± 35.64	0.38	0.30
	EO	28.5 ± 34.62	40.4 ± 43.10	0.36	0.31
	MU	13.9 ± 21.19	25.5 ± 30.86	0.20	0.44
	LO	3.15 ± 4.96	19.6 ± 32.21	0.04	0.88
Roll-up	RA	36.4 ± 21.71	43.44 ± 30.41	0.42	0.27
	EO	37.8 ± 30.17	46.4 ± 39.71	0.46	0.25
	MU	5.1 ± 11.39	18.9 ± 25.15	0.04	0.76
	LO	0.3 ± 0.84	10.5 ± 24.11	0.07	0.82
Double leg stretch	RA	46.2 ± 21.63	50.2 ± 31.53	0.66	0.15
	EO	39.7 ± 31.62	46.1 ± 41.77	0.60	0.17
	MU	3.1 ± 8.58	10.6 ± 20.91	0.16	0.50
	LO	0.2 ± 0.59	10.5 ± 27.20	0.11	0.74
Teaser	RA	41.4 ± 23.64	47.4 ± 32.54	0.52	0.21
	EO	45.7 ± 29.50	51.2 ± 38.51	0.62	0.16
	MU	6.3 ± 18.50	16.5 ± 25.65	0.16	0.47
	LO	0.45 ± 0.76	11.09 ± 24.12	0.06	0.86
Jackknife	RA	41.1 ± 24.49	48.4 ± 31.82	0.43	0.26
	EO	43.5 ± 32.38	47.8 ± 42.74	0.73	0.11
	MU	8.01 ± 17.23	16.8 ± 23.13	0.19	0.43
	LO	2.0 ± 2.88	9.7 ± 15.44	0.04	0.84

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: RA, rectus abdominis; EO, external oblique; MU, multifidus; LO, longissimus; ES, effect size. ES values are interpreted as follows: small effect (0.2), medium effect (0.5), and large effect (0.8 or above).