TABLE 3.
Characteristics of 23 included studies (In alphabetical order).
| Lead Author (year) | Country | Study design | Number of participants | Participants | Participant age group | Primary diagnosis of client participnts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bullard, Harvey, and Abbeduto (2021) | US | Cohort | 40 participants | Clients and carers | Children | Fragile‐X syndrome |
| (Delves et al. 2022) | Australia | Cohort | 191 participants | Clients and carers | Adults | Mental health conditions with ID |
| (Eapen, Hiscock, and Williams 2021) | Australia | Descriptive | — | Clients | — | DD, ASD, ID |
| (Gentile et al. 2018) | US | Descriptive | Over 900 participants | Clients | — | Mental health condition and ID |
| (Hodge et al. 2019) | Australia | Non‐randomised experimental | 39 participants | Clients and clinicians | Children | Specific learning disorder with ADHD, ID |
| (Hopper, Buckman, and Edwards 2011) | Australia | Non‐randomised experimental | 10 participants |
Clients |
Children | DD, ID |
| (Langkamp, McManus, and Blakemore 2015) | US | Cohort | 295 participants | Clients and carers | Children and young people | DD, ASD, CP, ADHD, Down syndrome |
| (Letourneau et al. 2003) | Canada | Descriptive | 208 participants | Clients | Children | Epilepsy, DD, headache |
| (Madhavan 2019) | US | Literature review | 5 studies | Adults and children | Mental health care patients with ID | |
| (McNally et al. 2022) | US | Cohort | 382 participants | Clients, carers, and clinicians | Children | ASD, DD, ID, LD |
| (Merrill, Cowan, and Gentile 2017) | US | Descriptive | Over 1000 participants | Clients | — | Mental health condition and ID |
| (Nicholson et al. 2023) | UK | Cohort | 61 participants | Clinicians | — | ID Clinicians |
| (Pearl et al. 2014) | US, UAE | Descriptive | Not given | Clients | Adults and children | CP, ASD, DD, epilepsy, neurogenetic disorders, congenital abnormalities |
| (Prelack et al. 2022) | US | Descriptive | 7130 participants | Clients | Children | Epilepsy, migraine, DD |
| (Reese et al. 2013) | US | RCT | 47 participants | Clients, carers, and clinicians |
Children |
ASD, DD |
| (Rosen et al. 2022) | US | Cohort | 640 participants | Carers | Adults and children | ID |
| (Rowell et al. 2014) | Australia | Cohort | 126 participants | Clients | Children | CP, ID, DD, Down syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, mitochondrial disorders |
| (Shawler et al. 2021) | US | Non‐randomised experimental | 1 participant |
Client |
Adult | ASD, ID, Down syndrome |
| (Spaan, Verzaal, and Kaal 2021) | The Netherlands | Non‐randomised experimental | 89 participants | Client | Adults | Suspected mild to borderline ID |
| (Temple et al. 2010) | Canada | Non‐randomised experimental | 19 participants |
Clients |
Adults | ID, ASD, Down syndrome, Mixed expressive‐receptive disorder |
| (Trivisano et al. 2020) | Italy | Cohort | 3321 participants | Clients and carers | Adults and child(ren | Epilepsy |
| (Verma et al. (2022) | US | Cohort | 5 clinics | Clients | Children | ASD, DD |
| (Whittingham and Coons‐Harding 2021) |
Canada |
Literature review |
3 studies | Children | Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders |
Abbreviations: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; CP = cerebral palsy; DD = developmental delay; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disorder/disability; UAE = United Arab Emirates; UK = United Kingdom; US = United States.