Table 1. Chemical compounds and biomaterials used in dental clinical practice and tested on the CAM .

As shown in the table, an increased number of papers have been published in 2024 about CAM assay use in dental research

CAM: Chorioallantoic membrane

Compound /Biomaterial	Year	Authors	CAM Assay Results	Clinical Impact	Ref.
Sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin (SA/AV/S)	2024	Bhoopathy et al.	Angiogenic properties	Scaffold for hemostatic materials development	[58]
Sodium fluoride (NaF), Xylitol (Xyl	2024	Breban-Schwarzkopf et al.	NaF induced vascular lysis and microbleedings. Xyl induced a mild dilation of blood vessels	Potential therapeutic strategies in the realm of cytotoxicity studies.	[69]
Chlorhexidine digluconate	2024	Dinu et al.	Irritant effects independent of its concentration. Vascular lysis and blood coagulation	The exposure of healthy gingival and cutaneous cells to CHX digluconate results in concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic events	[17]
Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and the modified low-speed advanced PRF (A-PRF)	2024	Nair et al.	Exposure to both L-PRF and A-PRF increased the angiogenic potential.	Periodontic wound healing improvement	[73]
Acellular dermal matrix (Epiflex)	2024	Sagheb et al.	Revascularization ability and angiogenic properties	Soft tissue augmentation in dentistry and implantology	[74]
Fibrin-alginate-calcium phosphate biomaterial (FACaP)	2024	Owji et al.	Bone cell differentiation, biocompatibility tests, vascularization	Bone augmentation in dentistry	[75]
An oxygen (O2)-releasing hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dispersion with a controlled oxygen delivery	2023	Müller-Heupt et al.	Increased angiogenesis, lack of cytotoxic effects	Tissue regeneration improvement in periodontitis based on O2 release	[76]
Iodixanol	2017	Hertig et al.	Neutral related to angiogenesis, cell toxicity, or irritation	Radioopaque fibrin hydrogel formulation for endodontic treatments	[77]
Polymeric scaffold with Bromelain and magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticle	2020	Shoba et al.	Ability to acquire blood vessels and to sustain a well-defined vascular network	Periodontal regeneration	[78]
Low concentration of Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)	2009	Hjortsjö et al.	0.05% HF was slightly irritant, 0.1% HF moderately irritant, 0.2% and 1% HF strongly irritant	Accidental exposure of soft tissues to solutions containing more than 0.2% HF may be harmful.	[67]
"Classic" alloy compositions	2005	Ardlin et al.	1 mmol l(-1) Cu(2+) solution was graded as slightly irritating	Safety of alloy use for patient's health	[79]