Table 2.

Proposed novel addition or revisions to the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) Logic Model to promote health equity

Proposed Novel Additions or Revisions to TSBM Logic Model	Symbol Designation (TSBM Domain) in Fig. 2	Related Current TSBM Logic Model Sub-domain and/or Elements	Rationale for Inclusion
1a. Engagement by research teams of community partners with relevant lived experience	1 (Resources)	Sub-domain: Human Resources Related element: Engagement with community partners	To promote equity, it is important for research teams to engage authentically with individuals with relevant lived experience drawn from community partner organizations representing diverse cultural perspectives – such individuals provide community representation and convey key local community context (see also revision 2a). The “4 R’s” of Respect, Reciprocity, Relevance, and Responsibility should be upheld in the partnership-development process. [14,15].
1b. Research team members with relevant lived experience	1 (Resources)	Sub-domain: Human Resources Related elements: Diverse core of research faculty and scientists; Diverse set of research staff	Ensuring that there is representation of research team members with lived experience is a form of power sharing and provides accountability to allow for community partner input to be incorporated into problem definition, methods, and research team plans. [9,12,40].
2. Local community context on priorities, needs, and resources	2 (Resources)	Sub-domain: Knowledge Resources Related element: Information resources	The type of knowledge resource provided by individuals with relevant lived experience (see also revision 1a for details) includes: 1) current and historical community context; 2) community prioritization of important outcomes of success and which innovations to implement– including traditional solutions; 3) local/Indigenous knowledge of needs and their relation to historical and current injustices; 4) community resources and strengths that may be leveraged to support implementation.
3a. Community representation	3 (Centered in Scientific Activities – but spans all phases)	Sub-domain: Collaborations Related elements: Maintain effective collaborations	Intentionally fostering community representation and engagement across the research project life cycle through phases of Exploration, Planning, Implementation, and Sustainment. This is consistent with community-engaged research principles of promoting trust and accountability by developing community-aligned solutions with mutual value to all involved. Indicators of this collaborative approach to research include: 1) authentic engagement of community members throughout the research project life cycle – including participation on research teams, when possible, to 2) build trust, and 3) share cultural perspectives, priorities, needs and resources with other implementation partners, in order to ensure meaningful benefits to all involved. See also 1a, 1b, 2a, 3b, 5a, and 6a for additional proposed novel elements that relate to Representation.
3b. Power sharing	3 (Scientific Activities)	Sub-domain: Collaborations Related element: Establish new multi-disciplinary collaborations and teams	The degree of community partner power sharing is transparently specified according to commonly used spectrums of community participation [40,41] with efforts to achieve higher levels that involve, collaborate with, and defer to community partners – particularly for projects aiming to overcome inequities.
4. Respect data sovereignty of tribal nations	4 (Scientific Activities)	Sub-domain: Responsible Conduct of Research	Indigenous tribal nations have specific data sovereignty needs and Institutional Review Board requirements that must be followed [42,43].
5a. Assessment of engagement as a measure of community representation	5 (Scientific Outputs & Outcomes)	Sub-domain: Translational Science Outcomes	Assessment of research engagement is a key implementation outcome – it should be assessed longitudinally across the research life cycle (e.g., during Planning, Implementation, and Sustainment phases). Outcome assessments of engagement include the Research Engagement Survey Tool (REST) [11] and should be assessed longitudinally with partners.
5b. Community capacity	5 (Scientific Outputs & Outcomes)	Sub-domain: Translational Science Outcomes	Capacity and/or readiness to conduct future intervention research and program evaluation may improve through participation in community-engaged research; capacity building and addressing infrastructure gaps should be included as activities and are important to assess.
5c. Representativeness (equity) of Translational Science Outcomes	5 (Scientific Outputs & Outcomes)	Sub-domain: Translational Science Outcomes	Important to assess to what degree the intended end-recipients (Reach) and intended settings and staff (Adoption, Implementation, Sustainment) did or did not participate (Adoption), implement with fidelity (Implementation), or sustain the innovation (Maintenance) and why or why not – these assessments identify potential gaps in equity. The expectation is that observed inequities in who benefits in terms of these outcomes (5c) and/or TSBM Health and Societal benefits (6b) represent unequal distribution of impact for populations and communities.
6a. Assessment of sustained community-research partnerships (ongoing community representation and/or collaboration)	6 (Health & Societal Benefits)	Sub-domain: Community & Public Health Benefits Related element: Health activities and products	Ongoing engagement or collaboration between research teams and community partners in the Sustainment phase may be termed as collaborations or sustained community-research partnerships. When present, these activities demonstrate ongoing mutual benefit for community partners and research teams to work together. Assessments of partner engagement may include the Research Engagement Survey Tool (REST), [11] social network analyses, and others.
6b. Representativeness (equity) of impact	6 (Health & Societal Benefits)	Sub-domain: Community & Public Health Benefits Related element: Health promotion	Assess holistically the impact of a program on a community and identify any subgroups who receive disproportionately more or less benefit. Use a Health Equity Impact Assessment tool [16,17] to assess potential benefits and unintended consequences, conduct quantitative assessment of effectiveness by subgroups (heterogeneity of effects) and qualitative assessments, and use locally tailored survey measures. The representativeness of community priority outcomes of success should be included here and/or in revision 5c, depending on whether they are Translational Science Outcomes (5c) or Health and Societal Benefits (6b).
7a. Impact on unmet social needs	7 (Health & Societal Benefits)	Sub-domain: Economic Benefits	Improvement in economic and social well-being of communities in terms of social needs, such as rates of food and housing insecurity.
7b. Compensation for community contributions	7 (Health & Societal Benefits)	Sub-domain: Economic Benefits	Compensate community partners for their contributions throughout the life cycle of all projects.