Table 2.
Effect of phytobiotics on the antioxidant function of broiler birds
| Diets | Antioxidant genes | Antioxidant enzymes | MDA | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EO (thymol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) at 200 or 400 mg/kg | NE | SOD**, (GSH-Px, T-AOC)ns | NS | [11] |
| Oregano essential oil: natural or synthetic at 200 mg/kg each | NE | GR, GSH-Px, SOD, T-AOC** | R | [19] |
| Microencapsulated turmeric by maltodextrin: 1, 2, 3 g/kg diet | NE | TAC** | R | [34] |
| Curcumin (CUR) (200 mg/kg), Pueria extract (PE) (200 mg/kg) and CUR + PE (200 + 200 mg/kg) | NE | GSH-Px, CAT**, (T-SOD, T-AOC)ns | R | [108] |
| Beta sitosterol at 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg | NE | GSH-Px, CAT** | R | [142] |
| Ferulic acid | NE | SOD, GSH-Px** | R | [143] |
| Licorice extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) at 0.4–0.8 g/L of water | NE | GSH, CAT** | R | [144] |
| Encapsulated product (Capsicum blend with black pepper and ginger extract) at 250 ppm | CAT, GPx1, SOD1, Nrf2ns | CAT**, (GPx, GST, SOD)ns | R | [145] |
| 100 mg/ kg Forsythia suspense extract (FESE) | NE | SOD, GSH-Px, CAT** | R | [146] |
| A blend (Astragalus membranaceus and Codnopsis pilosula) extract at 500 mg/kg | NE | T-AOC, TSOD, GSH-PX**, (CAT)ns | R | [147] |
| Yucca saponin (YSa), Yucca schidigera (YS), and Quillaja saponaria (QS) at 500 mg/kg | NE | T-AOC, GSH-Px** | R | [148] |
| Chinese herbal mixture at 500, 100 or 1,500 mg/kg | Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD1, GPX** | SOD, T-AOC** | R | [149] |
| Ginseng, Astragalus, Salvia miltiorrhiza at 1,000 mg/kg | NE | GSH-Px, CAT, T-SOD, T-AOC** | R | [150] |
| Cinnamon oil at 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg | NE | GSH-Px, GSH, CAT, SOD, TAC** | R | [151] |
| EO at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg (Carrier: rice husk powder and silica) | NE | SOD, CAT, T-AOC** | I | [152] |
| Lavender EO at 300 or 600 mg/kg | NE | SOD, GSH-Px** | R | [153] |
NE Not evaluated, NS Not significant, ** Significant, R Reduced, I Increased, ADP Algae-derived polysaccharides, EO Essential oil, MDA Malondialdehyde, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2, GPX1 Glutathione peroxidase 1, SOD1 Superoxide dismutase 1, SOD2 Superoxide dismutase 2, HMOX1/HO-1 Hemoxygenase 1, CAT Catalase, T-SOD Total superoxide dismutase, T-AOC Total antioxidant capacity, GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase, GSH Glutathione, GR Glutathione reductase, NQO1-NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (quinone) 1