Figure 1.

Decreased plasma BCAA levels are associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. A, Relative plasma concentrations of metabolites in T2D controls and patients with DCM measured by NMR. B, Plasma concentrations of BCAAs in healthy controls, T2D, and DCM measured using a BCAA assay kit. C-E, Plasma concentrations of valine, leuvine and isoleucine in healthy controls, T2D, and DCM measured using LC-MS/MS. Data are expressed as mean±SEM. The nonparametric two-tailed Student's t-test was used to compare groups. Significance is indicated as ^nsP > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. See also Figure S1.