Expression of ER was lower in both tubal mucosal cells alone than in co-culture with endometrial cells (1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.1 ratios; experimental groups 1, 2, and 3), but the P value was >0.05, no statistical difference (b) and (d). Expression of PR was close to that in tubal mucosal cells alone and co-culture with endometrial cells (1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.1 ratio) were close to each other, and there was no significant difference between the groups, P > 0.05, no statistical difference (a) and (c). Intrauterine adhesions: IUAs; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; ER: estrogen receptor; TE: tubal mucosal cell and endometrial cell; TS: tubular mucosal cells single.