Landis 2007.

Methods	Study design: Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Setting: Primary care Diagnosis: Significant depression determined by a score of 10 or more on the PHQ‐9.  The primary care physician verified the presence of major depression by clinical exam Inclusion criteria: Willing to begin or continue antidepressant medication Exclusion criteria: Bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms, active suicidal ideation requiring psychiatric admission Age: Mean 39.7 (SD 10.7) years Gender: 96% female Ethnicity: 62% white Country: United States Sample size (randomised): Total participants 45, intervention 22, control 23
Interventions	Intervention: Care management Contains the four elements of collaborative care: 1) a multi‐professional approach to patient care: Primary care physician (PCP), mental health graduate (CM), psychiatrist (MH specialist) 2) a structured management plan: CMs provided patient education about depression and instruction in self‐management skills and goals and monitored adherence and side effects. 3) scheduled patient follow‐ups: Acute: telephone or in‐person every 2 weeks for up‐to 12 weeks, maintenance: every 4 weeks until 6 months post‐initial session 4) enhanced inter‐professional communication: CMs coordinated with the PCP and received bi‐weekly telephone supervision from MH specialist Control: Treatment as usual enhanced as PCP was informed of diagnosis
Outcomes	Depression (PHQ‐9): 3, 6 months Medication use: 3, 6 months Quality of Life (mental and physical health): 3, 6 months Satisfaction: 3, 6 months
Notes	CM: case manager; MH: mental health; PCP: primary care provider; PHQ‐9: Patient Health Questionnaire‐9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Random assignment of 200 study numbers pre‐trial. Stratified by newly diagnosed and already treated with AD medication
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelope
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Short‐term loss to follow‐up based on primary depression outcome (PHQ‐9) was: overall 11/45 (24%), 5/22 (23%) intervention and 6/23 (26%) control. Reasons for loss to follow‐up not provided. Intention‐to‐treat analysis not reported, no description of methods to manage missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information available to assess
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information available to assess
Implementation Integrity	Unclear risk	Insufficient information available to assess
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel could not be blinded, outcome likely to be influenced by lack of blinding
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Assessor was not aware of treatment allocation