Comparison 6. Email compared to standard methods of communication: Primary outcome, health service outcome, resource use; physicians participants.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Difference in trend in email rate over intervention period	1		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	3.60 [2.10, 6.19]
2 Email rate (per 100 average weekly scheduled visits) for final intervention time period			Other data	No numeric data
3 Difference in trend in telephone call rate over intervention period	1		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.20 [0.96, 1.50]
4 Telephone call rate (per 100 average weekly scheduled visits) for final intervention time period			Other data	No numeric data
5 Change in telephone call rate (per 100 average weekly scheduled visits) between intervention periods 1 & 5			Other data	No numeric data
6 No‐show rate (per 100 average scheduled visits) for final intervention period			Other data	No numeric data
7 Difference in trend in no‐show rate over intervention period	1		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.20 [0.90, 1.60]
8 Weekly emails received by residents	1		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.60 [0.38, 2.82]
9 Weekly emails received by staff physicians	1		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	6.8 [1.63, 11.97]
10 Change in email rate (per 100 average weekly scheduled visits) between intervention periods 1 & 5			Other data	No numeric data