TABLE 2.
Baseline Parameters of the Cohort of LLS Patients Selected for Surgical Treatment and having Radiologic Investigations With Standing X-Rays Before and at Two Years (N=310)
| Change in lumbar lordosis, Δ LL (°) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (<5°) | Group 2 (≥5° <10°) | Group 3 (≥10°) | Total | P | |
| Age | |||||
| Mean | 66.4 | 68.5 | 67.5 | 67.5 | 0.21 |
| SD | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.2 | |
| N | 196 | 55 | 59 | 310 | |
| BMI | |||||
| Mean | 27.9 | 27.5 | 28.0 | 27.8 | 0.76 |
| SD | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.1 | |
| N | 190 | 53 | 59 | 302 | |
| ODI* | |||||
| Mean | 37.0 | 41.3 | 39.9 | 38.3 | 0.10 |
| SD | 14.3 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 14.6 | |
| N | 195 | 55 | 59 | 309 | |
| ZCQ† symptom | |||||
| Mean | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 0.89 |
| SD | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |
| N | 194 | 55 | 58 | 307 | |
| ZCQ† physical | |||||
| Mean | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.13 |
| SD | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| N | 194 | 55 | 58 | 308 | |
| Leg pain‡ | |||||
| Mean | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.28 |
| SD | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | |
| N | 187 | 53 | 57 | 297 | |
| Back pain‡ | |||||
| Mean | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 0.40 |
| SD | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | |
| N | 189 | 53 | 57 | 299 | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Men | 103 (52.5) | 34 (62) | 28 (47) | 165 (53) | 0.29 |
| Women | 93 (47.5) | 21 (38) | 31 (53) | 145 (47) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 46 (24) | 8 (15) | 7 (12) | 61 (20) | 0.079 |
| No | 149 (76) | 47 (85) | 52 (88) | 248 (80) | |
Descriptive statistics of continuous variables are expressed as mean with SD in brackets while categorical data are expressed as numbers of patients.
*
Oswestry disability index (ODI), total score range 0 to 100.
†
Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ) for symptom and function (ZCQ), symptom severity range of scores 1 to 5, physical function scale range of scores 1 to 4, patient satisfaction scale range 1 to 4.
‡
Numeric pain rating scale (NRS) for back pain or leg pain at baseline, each with a range 0 to 10.