TABLE 3.
Comparison of Unadjusted and Adjusted Changes in PROMs for the Three LL Changing Groups (Changes Measured Preoperatively to Two Years After Surgery)
| Change in lumbar lordosis, Δ LL (°) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change PROMS | Group 1 (<5°) | Group 2 (≤5° <10°) | Group 3 (≥10°) | P |
| Unadjust ODI (n=305) | −17.6 (−19 to −15) | −24 (−29 to −20) | −22 (−27 to −18) | 0.0040* |
| Adjust ODI (n=294) | −17.6 (−20 to −15) | −24 (−29 to −20) | −22 (−26 to −18) | 0.022* |
| Unadjust ZCQs (n=304) | −0.9 (−1.1 to −0.8) | −1.1 (−1.3 to −0.9) | −1.2 (−1.4 to −0.9) | 0.084 |
| Adjust ZCQs (n=293) | −1.0 (−1.1 to −0.8) | −1.1 (−1.3 to −0.8) | −1.2 (−1.4 to −0.9) | 0.26 |
| Unadjust ZCQSp (n=304) | −0.7 (−0.9 to −0.7) | −1.0 (−1.2 to −0.8) | −1.0 (−1.2 to −0.8) | 0.0058* |
| Adjust ZCQp (n=293) | −0.7 (−0.8 to −0.6) | −1.0 (−1.2 to −0.8) | −1.0 (−1.2 to −0.8) | 0.016* |
| Unadjust back pain (n=296) | −2.3 (−2.7 to −1.8) | −2.8 (−3.6 to −2.0) | −3.5 (−4.3 to −2.8) | 0.021* |
| Adjust back pain (n=285) | −2.4 (−2.8 to −2.0) | −2.8 (−3.6 to −2.0) | −3.4 (−4.2 to −2.7) | 0.065 |
| Unadjust leg pain (n=294) | −3.2 (−3.6 to −2.8) | −2.5 (−4.3 to −2.7) | −4.1 (−4.9 to −3.3) | 0.14 |
| Adjust leg pain (n=284) | −3.3 (−3.7 to −2.8) | −3.5 (−4.3 to −2.6) | −4.0 (−4.8 to −3.2) | 0.31 |
The variables are expressed as mean with a 95% CI.
ODI indicates Oswestry disability index (ODI), total score range 0 to 50; ZCQ, Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ) for symptom and function (ZCQ), symptom severity range of scores 1 to 5, physical function scale range of scores 1 to 4, patient satisfaction scale range 1 to 4. Numeric pain rating scale (NRS) for back pain or leg, range 0 to 10.