TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Adults and Children Treated by Paramedics in the Prehospital Setting With Ketamine for Benzodiazepine-Resistant Status Epilepticus (n = 72 Encounters) As Well As Nine Other Patient Encounters in Which Paramedics Administered Ketamine Directly (No Midazolam)
| Midazolam First | Ketamine First | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults (≥ 18 yr Old) (n = 57 Encounters) | Children/Adolescents (n = 15 Encounters) | Eight Adults, One Child (n = 9 Encounters) | |
| Age, yr | |||
| Median (IQR) | 35 (30–59) | 14 (3.5–15.5) | 30 (27–43) plus one 9-yr-old boy |
| Sex, % (n) | |||
| Female | 71.9 (41) | 66.7 (10) | 55.6 (5) |
| Male | 28.1 (16) | 33.3 (5) | 44.4 (4) |
| Race/ethnicity, % (n) | |||
| White/Caucasian | 68.4 (39) | 26.7 (4) | 89.9 (8) |
| African-American | 10.5 (6) | 13.3 (2) | 11.1 (1) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 10.5 (6) | 46.7 (7) | 0 |
| Pacific Islander/Asian | 1.8 (1) | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 8.8 (5) | 13.3 (2) | 0 |
| Documented history of seizures or seizure medications % (n) | |||
| Yes | 79.0 (45) | 86.7 (13) | 100 (9) |
| No | 21.0 (12) | 1.3 (2) | 0 |
| Fever (≥ 99.5°F), % (n) | |||
| Yes | 3.5 (2) | 6.7 (1) | 0 |
| No | 98.2 (56) | 93.3 (14) | 100 (9) |
| Hypoglycemia, % (n) | |||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No | 100 (57) | 100 (15) | 100 (9) |
| Scene time, min | |||
| Median (IQR) | 19.2 (14.6–22.7) | 15.4 (11.3–20.6) | 17.8 (14.4–21.8) |
| Transport time, min | |||
| Median (IQR) | 10.6 (7.3–13.6) | 16.0 (10.3–18.9) | 10.2 (9.0–11.1) |
IQR = interquartile range.