Table 1.

Summary of the key functions of the two major categories of PUFAs during pregnancy.

Categories of PUFAs	Key Functions during Pregnancy	References
N-3 PUFAs	N-3 PUFAs and their derivatives exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties	7, 50-52, 190
	Reduce the level of oxidative stress	191, 192
	Promote fetal growth and reduce the risk of low birth weight infants	9, 94
	Stimulate angiogenesis in the endometrium	77, 78
	Promote the development of the nervous system and retina, and enhance cognitive function	93, 193
	Improve insulin resistance	51
N-6 PUFAs	Regulate immune and inflammatory responses, primarily exerting pro-inflammatory effects, while lipoxins can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties	16, 194
	The derivatives 2-series PGs regulate the process of embryo implantation and uterine contractions	58, 195
	Promote fetal weight gain and the proliferation of adipose tissue	196, 197
	AA promote brain development by regulating cell division and signaling processes	198