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. 2024 Dec 9;10:125. doi: 10.1038/s41421-024-00748-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The epidemiological and evolutionary tree of the SARS-CoV-2 variants (modified from Nextstrain.org), illustrating the emergence of the key SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron). b Scheme of the experimental workflow: samples were collected at various time points post infection (1 hpi, 8 hpi, 16 hpi, and 36 hpi), followed by global quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses using DIA-PASEF. c Infection progression was monitored by detecting the SARS-CoV-2 N protein through immunofluorescence microscopy. d Normalized log₂-transformed intensity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins expressed during infection in the VeroE6-H10 cells. The error bars represent one standard deviation, n = 3 biological replicates.