Table 3. Results for each Psychological Safety Scale item and the level of psychological safety among the study population and the five healthcare professional groups and significant findings for study population.
| PSS items | Study populationMeanMedian (IQR)n=100 | AnaesthesiologistsMeanMedian (IQR)n=14 | GynaecologistsMeanMedian (IQR)n=22 | Nurse anaesthetistsMeanMedian (IQR)n=19 | OR nursesMeanMedian (IQR)n=26 | ResidentsMeanMedian (IQR)n=19 | Significant findings for study population* |
| I. If you make a mistake on this team, it is often held against you (R) | 4.14 (4, 4) | 4.14 (4, 4) | 4.34 (4, 5) | 4.14 (4, 4) | 4.04 (4, 4.75) | 3.84 (4, 4) | The overall mean for item I was 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8, p<0.001) higher than item II and 0.7 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.9, p<0.001) higher than item IV. |
| II. Members of this team are able to bring up problems and tough issues | 3.54 (3, 4) | 3.64 (3, 4) | 3.64 (3, 4) | 3.74 (3, 4) | 3.53 (3, 4) | 3.23 (3, 4) | |
| III. People on this team sometimes reject others for being different (R) | 4.04 (4, 4) | 44 (4, 4) | 4.14 (4, 5) | 4.14 (4, 4) | 4.14 (4, 5) | 3.64 (3, 4) | The overall mean for item III was 0.5 (95% CI 3.0 to 0.8, p<0.001) higher than item II and 0.7 (9% CI 0.4 to 0.9, p<0.001) higher than item IV. |
| IV. It is safe to take a risk on this team | 3.43 (3, 4) | 3.64 (3, 4) | 3.54 (3, 4) | 3.53 (3, 4) | 3.53.5 (3, 4) | 2.93 (2, 3.5) | |
| V. It is difficult to ask other members of this team for help (R) | 4.14 (4, 5) | 44 (4, 4.75) | 4.55 (4, 5) | 4.14 (4, 4.5) | 4.14 (4, 4.75) | 3.84 (4, 4) | The overall mean for item V was 0.6 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8, p<0.001) higher than item II and 0.7 (95% CI 0.4 to 1, p<0.001) higher than item IV. |
| VI. No one on this team would deliberately act in a way that undermines my efforts | 44 (4, 5) | 3.94 (3, 5) | 44 (4, 5) | 44 (4, 4.5) | 3.94 (4, 4) | 44 (4, 4) | The overall mean for item VI was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p<0.001) higher than item II and 0.6 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8, p<0.001) higher than item IV. |
| VII. Working with members of this team, my unique skills and talents are valued and used | 3.94 (3, 4) | 4.14 (4, 4) | 4.14 (4, 4.75) | 3.84 (3.5, 4) | 3.64 (3, 4) | 3.63 (3, 4) | The overall mean for item VII was 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6, p=0.008) higher than item II and 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p<0.001) higher than item IV. |
| Total PS item score (SD) | 26.9 (3.5) | 27.4 (2) | 28.0 (3.2) | 27.1 (3.1) | 26.8 (3.9) | 24.9 (3.9) |
*
Adjusted for age and for multiple testing.
PSS, Psychological Safety Scale; R, reverse scored (higher numbers indicating greater disagreement with the statement)