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. 2024 Nov 15;10(23):e39988. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39988

Table 1.

Goodness of model fit and reliability.

Measure Estimate Threshold Interpretation
CMIN 2467.463
DF 2064
CMIN/DF 1.195 Between 1 and 3 Excellent
CFI 0.984 >0.95 Excellent
SRMR 0.028 <0.08 Excellent
RMSEA 0.018 <0.06 Excellent
IFI 0.985 >0.95 Excellent
NFI 0.912 >0.90 Excellent
RFI 0.909 >0.90 Excellent
TLI 0.984 >0.95 Excellent
Predictor CR AVE MSV MaxR(H)
PBL 0.951 0.583 0.406 0.951
CL 0.942 0.574 0.304 0.942
MA 0.937 0.553 0.301 0.937
CTK 0.944 0.586 0.401 0.944
PSS 0.938 0.601 0.372 0.938
SE 0.888 0.569 0.406 0.889

Note: CR = Composite Reliability; AVE = Average Variance Extracted; MSV = Mean Shared Values; PBL = Project-Based Learning; CL = Collaborative Learning; MA = Math Attitude; CTK = Critical Thinking Skills; PSS = Problem-Solving Skills; SE = Student Engagement.