Figure 2.

Dysregulated miRNA expression in active TB versus LTBI. The process of Mtb infection starts when bacilli from an active-TB patient are transmitted to a nearby host via aerosol droplets. Localized alveolar macrophages then ingest the Mtb allowing it to enter lung interstitial tissue. T and B cells, neutrophils and other immune system cells are recruited to the site of infection and converge with the infected macrophage to form a granuloma. To ensure its survival, Mtb prompt the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines from granuloma, leading to the successful evasion of the host immune response and resulting in the state of latency or the development of active TB disease. Here, red indicates upregulated factors, while green signifies downregulated ones.