Table 2.
Subgroup Analysis of Dry Eye Profiles Based on OSA Severity When Comparing with Non-OSA Patients
| Dry Eye Profiles | OSA Subgroup | Study Number | Sample Size | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBUT (sec) | Overall | 8 | 1,095 | −3.00 (−4.56, −1.45) | <0.01 |
| Mild OSA | 5 | 439 | −0.66 (−1.98, 0.67) | 0.33b | |
| Moderate OSA | 5 | 466 | −3.40 (−5.82, −0.99) | <0.01 | |
| Severe OSA | 6 | 581 | −4.13 (−6.11, −2.14) | <0.01 | |
| Schirmer (mm) | Overall | 7 | 1,047 | −2.61 (−4.83, −0.40) | 0.02 |
| Mild OSA | 5 | 439 | −0.92 (−2.48, 0.65) | 0.25b | |
| Moderate OSA | 5 | 466 | −3.37 (−6.70, −0.04) | 0.05 | |
| Severe OSA | 6 | 581 | −4.18 (−7.18, −1.19) | <0.01 | |
| OSDI | Overall | 6 | 988 | 14.63 (3.15, 26.11) | 0.01 |
| Mild OSA | 5 | 439 | 6.99 (−4.08, 18.06) | 0.22b | |
| Moderate OSA | 5 | 466 | 15.77 (0.94, 30.61) | 0.04 | |
| Severe OSA | 6 | 581 | 19.68 (0.96, 38.40) | 0.04 | |
| CFS | Overall | 5 | 983 | 0.24 (−0.09, 0.57) | 0.15 |
| Mild OSA | 4 | 390 | −0.10 (−0.38, 0.18) | 0.49b | |
| Moderate OSA | 4 | 450 | 0.11 (−0.34, 0.55) | 0.63 | |
| Severe OSA | 5 | 553 | 0.45 (0.03, 0.87) | 0.04 |
Notes: a“OSA subgroup” minus “non-OSA patients”. bDecreased heterogeneity after subgroup analysis.
Abbreviations: OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; TBUT, tear breakup time; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; CFS, corneal fluorescence-staining score (Oxford grading system).