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. 2024 Sep 23;120(15):1967–1984. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvae160

Figure 1.

Figure 1

OIR protocol forms transient AV shunts independent of genetic alterations. (A) Top panel: schematic of the experimental protocol. Bottom panel: representative images of mouse retinas stained for CD31 (grey) on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, and Day 7. Black arrows: AV shunt; A, artery; V, vein. Scale bar: 200 µm. (B) Quantification of AV shunt prevalence between Day 0 and Day 8. Day 0, 51 AV sections (8 pups); Day 1, 44 AV sections (8 pups); Day 2, 56 AV sections (8 pups); Day 3, 66 AV sections (8 pups); Day 4, 55 AV sections (7 pups); Day 5, 50 AV sections (7 pups); Day 6, 41 AV sections (6 pups); Day 7, 30 AV sections (4 pups); Day 8, 11 AV sections (3 pups). Each dot represents a mouse retina. (C) Representative image of an AV shunt at Day 3 highlighting its perfusion status (lectin, cyan) and co-stained for ECs (CD31, magenta). Arrowhead: AV shunt; A, artery; V, vein. Scale bar: 100 µm. (D) Representative image of smooth muscle coverage (αSMA, cyan) of an AV shunt at Day 4 co-stained for ECs (CD31, magenta). Arrowhead: AV shunt; A, artery; V, vein. Scale bar: 100 µm. (E) Representative image of an AV shunt at Day 3 stained for ECs (CD31, grey), pSmad1 (cyan), and KLF4 (magenta). Arrowhead: AV shunt; A, artery; V, vein. Scale bar: 100 µm.