Fig. 4.

Validation of the predicted optimal fermentation. Panels A to C compare experimental data (circles) with model predictions (lines). Corresponding feed rates, substrate uptake rates, growth rates, and product formation rates are illustrated in Supplementary Figure S9. Panel D shows the temperature profile of the fermentations. For t > 6.5 h temperatures are unstable and the data is not considered. (opaque region in panels A to D). A comparison of optimal predicted and experimentally achieved controls is given in Supplementary Figure S7.