Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients by BMI groups
| Baseline variables | All patients (n = 1,585) | BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 459) | BMI 25‐ < 30 kg/m2 (n = 641) | BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n = 485) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs; median/IQR) | 69 (61–75) | 70 (62–76) | 69 (61–76) | 68 (60–73) | ‹0.001 |
| Sex (female; n; %) | 395 (25) | 144 (31) | 136 (21) | 115 (24) | 0.17 |
| NYHA III/IV (st; n; %) | 802 (50) | 238 (52) | 313 (49) | 251 (52) | 0.49 |
| Ischaemic aetiology (n; %) | 832 (52) | 232 (50) | 354 (55) | 246 (51) | 0.20 |
| CRT‐D (n; %) | 863 (54) | 238 (52) | 350 (55) | 275 (57) | 0.32 |
| BMI (kg/m2; median/IQR) | 27.4 (24.6–30.8) | 22.9 (21.1–24.2) | 27.4 (26.2–28.5) | 32.5 (31.0–35.1) | NA |
| QRS (ms; median/IQR) | 160 (140–180) | 160 (140–177) | 160 (140–178) | 160 (140–180) | 0.83 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Atrial Fibrillation (n; %) | 618 (39) | 162 (35) | 257 (40) | 199 (41) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n; %) | 594 (37) | 118 (26) | 241 (37) | 235 (48) | ‹0.001 |
| Hypertension (n; %) | 1,200 (76) | 328 (71) | 474 (74) | 400 (82) | ‹0.001 |
| Prior MI (n; %) | 654 (41) | 186 (40) | 276 (43) | 192 (39) | 0.47 |
| Prior PCI (n; %) | 520 (33) | 141 (31) | 228 (35) | 151 (31) | 0.15 |
| Prior CABG (n; %) | 226 (14) | 56 (12) | 100 (16) | 70 (14) | 0.28 |
| Prior COPD (n; %) | 250 (16) | 74 (16) | 88 (14) | 88 (18) | 0.13 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| Serum urea (μmol/l; median/IQR) | 381 (310–469) | 409 (304–518) | 412 (333–491) | 406 (342–468) | 0.93 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l; median/IQR) | 110 (89–145) | 99 (79–127) | 102 (84–133) | 98 (82–128) | 0.09 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/l; median/IQR) | 4.3 (3.5–5.1) | 4.3 (3.4–5.1) | 4.2 (3.5–5.1) | 4.0 (3.3–5.0) | 0.27 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2; median/IQR) | 64 (48–81) | 64 (49–82) | 63 (47–78) | 66 (48–83) | 0.25 |
| NT‐proBNP (pmol/l; median/IQR) | 1,332 (509–3,365) | 3,000 (1,380–4,434) | 2,498 (1,573–3,434) | 2,488 (1,270–3,045) | 0.21 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||||
| LVEF (%; median/IQR) | 28 (24–33) | 27 (23–30) | 28 (24–33) | 30 (25–35) | ‹0.001 |
| LVEDV (ml; median/IQR) | 208 (154–271) | 198 (168–244) | 225 (159–225) | 205 (150–277) | 0.63 |
| LVESV (ml; median/IQR) | 153 (113–209) | 150 (117–207) | 167 (117–211) | 142 (99–212) | 0.51 |
| LVEDD (mm; median/IQR) | 63 (57–69) | 63 (57–68) | 63 (57–70) | 63 (57–70) | 0.30 |
| LVESD (mm; median/IQR) | 53 (47–60) | 53 (47–59) | 53 (46–60) | 53 (46–60) | 0.87 |
| Medical treatment | |||||
| Beta blocker (n; %) | 1,349 (85) | 404 (88) | 538 (84) | 407 (84) | 0.12 |
| ACE‐I/ARB (n; %) | 1,385 (87) | 403 (88) | 549 (86) | 433 (89) | 0.18 |
| MRA (n; %) | 1,000 (63) | 308 (67) | 393 (61) | 299 (62) | 0.11 |
| Furosemid (n; %) | 1,192 (75) | 362 (79) | 471 (73) | 359 (74) | 0.09 |
| Digoxin (n; %) | 296 (19) | 109 (24) | 110 (17) | 77 (16) | 0.003 |
| Amiodarone (n; %) | 401 (25) | 124 (27) | 164 (25) | 113 (23) | 0.41 |
| Oral anticoagulant therapy (n; %) | 469 (29) | 123 (27) | 213 (33) | 133 (27) | 0.03 |
ACE‐I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; MI, myocardial infarction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NT‐proBNP, N‐Terminal pro‐B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.