Table 3 Association of medication use-related factors with lower EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores
| Medication use-related factors | crude OR (CI) EQ-VAS | aOR (CI) EQ-VAS a | crude OR (CI) EQ-5D | aOR (CI) EQ-5D b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 927 | 916 | 950 | 855 |
| Hyperpolypharmacy | 1.43 (1.10; 1.85) | 1.37 (1.05; 1.80) | 1.45 (1.12; 1.89) | 1.30 (0.93; 1.84) |
| Anticholinergic and sedative burden | ||||
| DBI = 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| DBI 0–1 | 1.10 (0.81; 1.48) | 1.05 (0.76; 1.43) | 1.32 (0.97; 1.78) | 1.11 (0.75; 1.64) |
| DBI ≥ 1 | 1.05 (0.75; 1.47) | 0.88 (0.62; 1.25) | 1.96 (1.40; 2.75) | 1.73 (1.11; 2.69) |
| Appropriateness of medication | ||||
| No. of prescribing omissions | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.21 (0.88; 1.66) | 1.16 (0.83; 1.62) | 1.33 (0.96; 1.82) | 1.26 (0.84; 1.91) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.15 (0.79; 1.69) | 1.10 (0.74; 1.64) | 1.88 (1.29; 2.75) | 1.94 (1.19; 3.17) |
| No. of inappropriate medications | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.05 (0.72; 1.53) | 1.01 (0.68; 1.50) | 1.22 (0.84; 1.77) | 0.98 (0.61; 1.59) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.12 (0.80; 1.56) | 1.12 (0.79; 1.59) | 1.13 (0.81; 1.59) | 1.18 (0.77; 1.83) |
| High-risk medicationc | ||||
| Antidiabetics | 1.22 (0.91; 1.63) | 1.17 (0.86; 1.60) | 1.41 (1.05; 1.89) | 1.10 (0.75; 1.62) |
| Opioids | 1.74 (1.23; 2.48) | 1.59 (1.11; 2.30) | 2.31 (1.63; 3.28) | 2.10 (1.34; 3.32) |
| Antibiotics | 1.81 (1.14; 2.91) | 1.64 (1.01; 2.68) | 1.44 (0.92; 2.27) | 1.77 (0.99; 3.18) |
| Benzodiazepines | 1.38 (0.92; 2.08) | 1.32 (0.87; 2.03) | 1.75 (1.17; 2.61) | 2.01 (1.22; 3.35) |
| Antidepressants | 1.54 (1.13; 2.10) | 1.32 (0.95; 1.83) | 1.57 (1.15; 2.13) | 1.45 (0.96; 2.19) |
| Medication complexity | ||||
| < 16.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 16.5–25.4 | 1.02 (0.74; 1.40) | 0.95 (0.68; 1.33) | 1.20 (0.87; 1.66) | 0.81 (0.53; 1.22) |
| ≥ 25.5 | 1.77 (1.28; 2.43) | 1.53 (1.10; 2.15) | 1.83 (1.33; 2.51) | 1.22 (0.80; 1.86) |
| Adherence (MMAS-8)© d | ||||
| Good adherence | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium adherence | 1.01 (0.76; 1.35) | 1.12 (0.83; 1.52) | 0.80 (0.59; 1.06) | 1.36 (0.93; 2.01) |
| Low adherence | 0.94 (0.63; 1.38) | 0.93 (0.62; 1.39) | 1.13 (0.77; 1.67) | 1.59 (0.95; 2.66) |
Missing data: Medication adherence, EQ-VAS outcome, 47 (5.1%) and EQ-5D, 49 (5.2%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 46 (5.0%) and EQ-5D, 36 (4.2%); No of prescribing omissions and No of inappropriate medications, EQ-VAS outcome, 129 (13.9%) and EQ-5D, 133 (14.0%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 128 (14.0%) and EQ-5D, 108 (12.6%)
aAdjusted for DADL and smoking status
bAdjusted for the trial site, DADL, non-independent living, smoking status, BMI, falls in the past year and non-elective admittance
cOnly high-risk medication (medication with a high risk for hospital (re)admissions in patients) with an association is displayed
dUse of Morisky medication adherence measure questionnaire is protected by US copyright laws