Table 8.
List of zoonotic pathogens investigated during the health monitoring of dogs and cats in shelters (n = 646), type of analysis performed and biological material sampled.
| Pathogen | Analysis | Biological sample | Dogs (257) N (%) |
Cats (389) N (%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | Total | 95% CI Prevalence |
Negative | Positive | Total | 95% CI Prevalence |
|||
| Leptospira spp. | MAT | Serum | 146 | 114 | 257 | 44.36 (38.28–50.43) |
|
|
|
|
| Real time PCR | Urine | 255 | 2 | 257 | 0.78 (0.08–1.25) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Blood | 144 | 0 | 144 | 0.0 (−) |
|
|
|
|
||
| Isolation | Urine | 144 | 0 | 144 | 0.0 (−) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Leishmania infantum | IFAT | Serum | 195 | 65 | 257 | 25.0 (19.98–30.61) |
|
|
|
|
| Bacteria ESBL | Cultural | Rectal swab/feces; Oral swabs | 176 | 81 | 257 | 31.52 (25.84–37.20) | 361 | 28 | 389 | 7.2 (4.63–9.7) |
| Bacteria MRCPS | Cultural | Rectal swab/feces; Oral swabs | 257 | 0 | 257 | 0.0 (−) | 389 | 0 | 389 | 0.0 (−) |
| Bacteria VRE | Cultural | Rectal swab/feces; Oral swabs | 257 | 0 | 257 | 0.0 (−) | 389 | 0 | 389 | 0.0 (−) |
| Brucella canis | mSAT | Serum | 252 | 5 | 257 | 1.95 (0.26–3.63) |
|
|
|
|
| Dermatophytes | Cultural | Hair/crust/skin lesions | 254 | 1 | 257 | 0.93 (0.00–1.15) | 386 | 3 | 389 | 0.77 (0.00–1.64) |
| Nematode and Coccidia | Flotation | Feces | 142 | 35 | 177 | 19.77 (13.91–25.64) | 71 | 72 | 143 | 50.35 (42.15–58.54) |
| Taenia spp. | Flotation | Feces | 177 | 0 | 177 | 0.0 (−) | 140 | 3 | 143 | 2.10 (0.00–4.45) |
| Capnocytophaga sp. | Cultural (MALDI-TOF) | Oral swabs | 225 | 32 | 257 | 12.45 (8.41–16.48) | 366 | 23 | 389 | 5.9 (3.6–8.9) |
| Real time PCR | Oral swabs | 45 | 212 | 257 | 82.5 (77.4–86.6) | 139 | 252 | 389 | 64.8 (59.9–69.4) | |
| Bartonella henselae | IFAT | Serum |
|
|
|
|
116 | 273 | 389 | 70.18 (66.63–74.73) |
| Bartonella sp. | Real time PCR | Blood |
|
|
|
|
286 | 100 | 386 | 25.91 (21.54–30.28) |
| Norovirus | Real time RT-PCR/ Sanger sequencing | Rectal swabs/feces | 193 | 0 | 193 | 0.0 (−) | 297 | 0 | 297 | 0.0 (−) |
| Cowpox virus | Real time PCR | Hair/crust/skin lesions |
|
|
|
|
194 | 0 | 194 | 0.0 (−) |
| Hepatitis E | Real time RT-PCR | Rectal swabs/feces | 176 | 0 | 176 | 0.0 (−) | 142 | 0 | 142 | 0.0 (−) |
| ELISA | Serum | 275 | 0 | 257 | 0.0 (−) | 389 | 0 | 389 | 0.0 (−) | |
| Influenza A virus | Real time RT-PCR | Rectal swab/feces; Oral swabs | 175 | 0 | 175 | 0.0 (−) | 218 | 0 | 218 | 0.0 (−) |
| Rotavirus A | Real time RT-PCR | Rectal swabs/feces | 253 | 2 | 255 | 0.78 (0.01–1.87) | 376 | 13 | 389 | 3.27 (1.52–5.01) |
| Mammalian Orthoreovirus | End-point RT-PCR/ Sanger sequencing | Rectal swabs/feces | 256 | 1 | 257 | 0.38 (0.07–1.15) | 377 | 11 | 388 | 2.83 (1.59–5.01) |
| Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) | Real time RT-PCR | Rectal swab/feces Oral swabs | 257 | 0 | 257 | 0.0 (−) | 387 | 2 | 389 | 0.51 (0.00–1.22) |
| ELISA | Serum | 248 | 9 | 257 | 3.5 (1.25–5.75) | 386 | 3 | 389 | 0.8 (0.02–1.64) | |
ESBL, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases bacteria; MRCPS, Methicillin-resistant coagulase positive staphylococci; VRE, Vancomycin resistant enterococci; MAT, Microscopic agglutination test; IFAT, indirect fluorescent antibody test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
, Not performed.