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. 2024 Dec 10;15:10664. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53062-2

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© Battelle Memorial Institute 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Optical image displaying four distinct regions from bottom to top—Zone A: compacted scrap, powders, and ribbons. Zone B: deformed materials transition from compacted microstructure to processed microstructure. Zone C: mixed and alloyed microstructure. Zone D: extruded microstructure. Note the hardness map inset in (a), covering the span from Zone A to Zone D. b SEM and EDS mapping of Al, Zn, Mg, Cu, and O (from top to bottom) at Zone A, Zone B, and Zone D (from left to right).