TABLE 3.
Factors associated with fatigue in the individual study included (N = 29).
| Study ID | Type of cancer | Factors analyzed | Type of analysis | Factors Associated/Correlated with greater fatigue | Factors Associated/Correlated with lower fatigue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gandy et al. 2022 [20] | CNS tumor | Radiotherapy (proton vs. photon), hydrocephalus (None vs. Any), craniospinal radiation, age at radiation therapy | Multivariable regression analysis | Craniospinal radiation during first week of therapy | None |
| Irestorm et al. 2022 [21] | ALL | Couse of fatigue, sex, risk group at diagnosis, serious adverse event | Multivariable regression analysis | Course of fatigue during treatment predicted fatigue reported at follow‐up | None |
| Jacobs et al. 2022 [22] | Leukemia and lymphoma | Gender, age, ethnicity, time since diagnosis, diagnostic group (ALL/AML/NHL/HL), and caregiver's education level | Mixed effects model | Female, Hispanic patients | Male, older age, non‐Hispanic |
| Wu et al. 2022 [24] | Mixed | Quality‐of‐life distress | Multivariable regression analysis | Quality‐of‐ life distress | None |
| Cheng et al. 2021 [26] | Mixed | Pain interference, depression and lower mobility | Multivariable regression analysis | Greater pain interference, depressive symptoms and less mobility | None |
| Brown et al. 2021 [28] | ALL | Age at diagnosis, BMI, gender, race/ethnicity, type of leukemia, CNS involvement at diagnosis, high‐or very high‐risk ALL, and asparagine and gamma‐glutamyl glutamine in CSF | Multivariable regression analysis | Low‐risk and average‐risk ALL, asparagine and gamma‐glutamyl glutamine in CSF | High‐risk and very‐high risk ALL |
| Daniel et al. 2021 [29] | Mixed | Sleep timing, sleep consistency, technology use, presence of someone else, sleep disturbance, sleep‐related impairment, pain interference, nausea and sleep consistency | Correlation and Simple mediation models | Sleep disturbances, Sleep‐related impairment, pain interference and nausea | Consistent caregiver‐reported sleep routines |
| Steur et al. 2020 [32] | ALL | Dexamethasone pulses during maintenance chemotherapy, sleep–wake rhythm, stable sleep–wake rhythm, robust sleep–wake rhythm, more physical activity during the day and fragmented sleep–wake rhythm | Multivariable regression analysis | Dexamethasone pulses, fragmented sleep–wake rhythm | Robust sleep–wake rhythm, less fragmented sleep and higher physical activity during dexamethasone‐free periods |
| Nagarajan et al. 2019 [35] | AML | Age, sex, White race, Hispanic ethnicity, insurance status, high‐risk AML, bortezomib arm assignment, days of neutropenia, and number of submitted CTCAE toxicities | Multivariable regression analysis | Older age and number of submitted CTCAE toxicities | None |
| Rogers et al. 2019 [36] | Medulloblastoma | Age, percent sleep, longest sleep episode and nighttime activity score on actigraphy. Amplitude, 24 h auto‐correlation, intra‐daily variability, inter‐daily stability, dichotomy index on actigraphy | Linear mixed models and correlation | Higher age, lower percent nighttime sleep and higher nighttime activity scores (adolescent‐reported fatigue), longest nighttime sleep episode (child‐reported fatigue), dysregulated amplitude, 24 h auto‐correlation, and intra‐daily variability | Lower age |
| Hockenberry et al. 2018 [65] | ALL | 3NT (protein 3‐nitrotyrosine) in CSF and time since induction treatment | Latent class growth analysis and mixed models | Higher 3NT in CSF | Time from one treatment phase to another when measured from post‐induction to 12 months post‐induction chemotherapy |
| Dobrozsi et al. 2017 [38] | Mixed | Age, gender, type of cancer, time since diagnosis, and intensity of therapy | Linear mixed models | Leukemia/lymphoma | Older age and diagnosis of solid/CNS tumors |
| Rodgers et al. 2016 [39] | ALL | Reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in the CSF | Correlation | Low mean GSH/GSSG ratios in CSF | None |
| Crabtree et al. 2015 [41] | Mixed | Type of cancer, gender, age, and socioeconomic status, steroid use, radiation and chemotherapy, insomnia, sleep hygiene, bedtime, wake time, total sleep time, or restless sleep within 30 days of diagnosis and 8 weeks later | Univariable analysis and multivariable regression analysis | Longer sleep duration (6–12‐year‐old) | Younger children with leukemia/lymphoma had a significant decline in parent‐reported fatigue within 30 days of diagnosis and 8 weeks later than those with solid tumor/CNS tumors |
| MDR Nunes et al. 2015 [42] | Mixed | Age, gender, cancer type, sleep duration | Univariable analysis and correlation | Adolescents, females, sarcoma, less sleep duration | Younger children, males |
| Rogers et al. 2014 [43] | ALL | Circadian activity rhythm parameters—peak, midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR), amplitude, acrophase and circadian quotient | Linear mixed models | None | Peak activity, MESOR and amplitude |
| Ameringer et al. 2013 [44] | Mixed | Anxiety and sleep disturbances | Correlation | Disturbed sleep | Higher trait anxiety |
| Wesley et al. 2013 [46] | NR | Age, gender, minority status, pain, nausea, positive and negative affect, stressful life events, family support, friend support and family functioning | Correlation | Pain, nausea, and positive affect | Negative affect |
| Hooke et al. 2011 [47] | Mixed | Gender, type of cancer and time since first three cycles of chemotherapy | Univariable analysis | None | For young children, fatigue significantly decreased during the first three cycles of chemotherapy, and the ALL group had a greater decrease in fatigue than the lymphoma or the solid tumor group from cycle 1 to cycle 3 of chemotherapy |
| Baggott et al. 2010 [5] | Mixed | Time since administration of a chemotherapy cycle | Multilevel logistic regression analysis | None | For each week following a cycle of chemotherapy, odds of reporting fatigue were lower than the previous week for 2 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy cycle |
| Hockenberry et al. 2010 [51] | Mixed | Depression on day 7 of chemotherapy | Correlation | Depressive symptoms | None |
| Zupanec et al. 2010 [52] | ALL | Perceived problems in sleep, different sleep since diagnosis, different sleep place, sleep in 20 min, moving to different bed in the night and duration of weeknight sleep | Correlation | Sleep problems (4–12 years), Different sleep since diagnosis (4–7 years), moving to another bed (4–12 years) | None |
| Ekti Genc et al. 2008 [55] | ALL & AML | Sex, diagnosis, age, hemoglobin, mucositis, nausea and vomiting | Correlation | None | None |
| Enskar et al. 2008 [56] | Mixed | Life satisfaction | Univariable analysis | Less life satisfaction | None |
| Perdikaris et al. 2008 [57] | Mixed | Gender | Multivariable regression analysis | Females | None |
| Whitsett et al. 2008 [58] | Mixed | Depression | Correlation | Depression | None |
| Yeh et al. 2008 [66] | Mixed | Steroid use prior to start of chemotherapy cycle, steroids use per day of cycle, hemoglobin value, prior chemotherapy, cumulative doses of chemotherapy drugs in the cycle | Multivariable analysis | Steroids used before chemotherapy cycle, hemoglobin value, steroid use for each day of chemotherapy cycle and prior chemotherapy | None |
| Hinds et al. 2007 [60] | Mixed | Number of nocturnal awakenings during inpatient hospital stay, age, diagnosis, gender, baseline fatigue, or length of hospitalization, hematocrit and hemoglobin level | Mixed effect model | More night awakenings (20 or more) | None |
| Hinds et al. 2007 [61] | Mixed | Dexamethasone treatment, age, sex and ALL risk group | Correlation | Dexamethasone treatment | None |
Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CNS; central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CTCAE, common terminology criteria for adverse events; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; LSS‐C, Life Situation Scale for Children; NHL, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.