TABLE 2.
Antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations identified in Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Histophilus isolates of veterinary importance
| Antimicrobial agent | Resistance gene or resistance-mediating mutation(s) | Protein specified by the resistance gene or mutation position | Detected ina | Referenceb/Accession numberc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pas | Man | Act | Hae | His | ||||
| Tetracycline | tet(A) | 12-TMS efflux protein | – | – | + | – | – | 72, 81 |
| tet(B) | 12-TMS efflux protein | + | + | + | + | – | 53, 66, 75, 81 | |
| tet(C) | 12-TMS efflux protein | – | – | + | – | – | 81 | |
| tet(G) | 12-TMS efflux protein | + | + | + | – | – | 64, 76, 81 | |
| tet(H) | 12-TMS efflux protein | + | + | + | – | + | 48, 49, 57, 61 | |
| tet(L) | 14-TMS efflux protein | + | + | + | – | – | 79, 81 | |
| tet(M) | Ribosome protective protein | + | – | + | – | – | 49, 81 | |
| tet(O) | Ribosome protective protein | + | – | + | – | – | 65, 81 | |
| Penicillins | bla CMY-2 | β-Lactmase | + | – | – | – | – | 90 |
| bla OXA-2 | β-Lactmase | + | + | – | – | + | 55, 57 | |
| bla PSE-1 | β-Lactmase | + | – | – | – | – | 76 | |
| bla ROB-1 | β-Lactmase | + | + | + | + | – | 85, 87, 88, 93 | |
| bla TEM-1 | β-Lactmase | + | – | – | – | – | 89 | |
| Streptomycin | strA | Aminoglycoside-3″-phosphotransferase | + | + | + | + | + | 55–57, 121, 194 |
| strB | Aminoglycoside-6-phosphotransferase | + | + | + | – | + | 55–57, 121 | |
| Streptomycin/spectinomycin | aadA1 | aminoglycoside-3″-adenyltransferase | + | – | – | – | – | 76 |
| aadA14 | aminoglycoside-3″-adenyltransferase | + | – | – | – | – | 132 | |
| aadA25 | aminoglycoside-3″-adenyltransferase | + | + | – | – | + | 55, 57 | |
| Spectinomycin | Mutation in 16S rRNA | C1192G | + | – | – | – | – | 143 |
| Mutation in rpsE coding for ribosomal protein S5 | 3-bp deletions resulting in S32I and loss of F33 or loss of K33 | + | – | – | – | – | 143 | |
| Kanamycin/neomycin | aphA1 | Aminoglycoside-3′-phosphotransferase | + | + | + | + | + | 55–57, 123; JN202624 |
| aphA3 | Aminoglycoside-3′-phosphotransferase | + | – | – | – | – | 135 | |
| Gentamicin | aacC2 | Aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase | – | – | + | + | – | 95; JN202624 |
| aacC4 | Aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase | – | – | + | – | – | 81 | |
| aadB | Aminoglycoside-2″-adenyltransferase | + | + | + | – | + | 55, 57, 81 | |
| Sulfonamides | sul2 | Sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase | + | + | + | + | + | 55–57, 95; JN202624 |
| Trimethoprim | dfrA1 | Trimethoprim-resistant DHFR | + | – | – | – | – | 76 |
| dfrA14 | Trimethoprim-resistant DHFR | – | + | – | – | 122 | ||
| dfrA20 | Trimethoprim-resistant DHFR | + | – | – | – | – | 62 | |
| Macrolides | erm(T) | rRNA methylase | – | – | – | + | – | 154 |
| erm(A) | rRNA methylase | – | – | + | – | – | 70 | |
| erm(C) | rRNA methylase | – | – | + | – | – | 70 | |
| erm(42) | rRNA methylase | + | + | – | – | + | 57, 155, 157 | |
| Mutation in 23S rRNA | A2058G, A2059G | + | + | – | + | – | 153, 159 | |
| mrs(E)-mph(E) | Macrolide efflux protein and phospotransferase | + | + | – | – | + | 57, 155, 157 | |
| Lincosamides | lnu(C) | O-nucleotidyltransferase | – | – | – | + | – | 161 |
| Chloramphenicol | catA1 | Type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | + | + | – | – | – | 163 |
| catA3 | Type A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | + | + | + | + | – | 95, 163; JN202624 | |
| catB2 | Type B chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | + | – | – | – | – | 76 | |
| Chloramphenicol/florfenicol | floR | 12-TMS efflux protein | + | + | + | + | + | 57, 73, 174, 179, 180 |
| (Fluoro)quinolones | Mutation in gyrA | G75S, S83F, S83I, S83R, S83V, S83Y, A84P, D87G, D87H, D87N, D87Y, D492G, D492V, G627E | + | + | + | + | – | 9, 55, 187, 189–192 |
| Mutation in gyrB | V211I, D254G | +d | – | – | + | – | 192 | |
| Mutation in parC | S73I, S73R, S80L, G83C, I84S, S85R, S85Y, E89K, Q227H, L379I, C578Y | + | + | + | + | – | 55, 187, 189, 190, 192 | |
| Mutation in parE | P440S, S459F, E461D, E461K, D479E, T551A | – | – | + | + | – | 190, 192 | |
| qnrA1 | Quinolone resistance protein | – | – | – | + | – | 191 | |
| qnrB6 | Quinolone resistance protein | – | – | – | + | – | 191 | |
| aac(6′)-Ib-cr | Quinolone resistance protein | – | – | – | + | – | 191 | |
| Streptothricin | sat2 | Streptothricin-acetyl-transferase | + | – | – | – | – | 130 |
a
Pas, Pasteurella; Man, Manheimia; Act, Actinobacillus; Hae, Haemophiluis; His, Histophilus; +, present; –, absent.
b
At least a reference or an accession number is included for each genus in which a specific gene or mutation is found. Additional information and references may be found in the text of this chapter.
c
Accession number was provided in case of unpblished data.
d
The mutations in gyrB were detected in Pasteurella isolates after passage on subinhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones.