TABLE 3.

Examples of acquired carbapenemase genes in E. coli of animal origin from Europe, North and South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia

Carbapenemase gene	Geographical origin	Source	Sequence types	Reference
bla NDM-1	China, U.S.	Dog, cat, pig	167, 1695, 1585, 1721, 359	70, 275, 276
bla NDM-5	China, Algeria, India	Dog, pig, cow, duck	48, 54, 90, 156, 165, 167, 410, 648, 1114, 1178, 1234, 1437, 2439, 3331, 4429, 4463, 4656	74, 75, 277–279
bla VIM-1	Germany	Seafood, pig	10, 88	67, 68, 280, 281
bla IMP-4	Australia	Silver gull	48, 58, 167, 189, 216, 224, 345, 354, 541, 542, 744, 746, 1114, 1139, 1178, 1421, 2178, 4657, 4658,	76
bla OXA-48	Germany, U.S., France, Lebanon, Algeria	Dog, cat, chicken	38, 372, 648, 1196, 1431	77–79, 261
bla OXA-181	Italy	Pig	359, 641	80
bla KPC-2	Brazil	Dog	648	287