. 2018 Jul 26;6(4):10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0032-2018. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0032-2018

TABLE 1.

Summary of reports about detection of VRE with acquired mechanisms of resistance in healthy food-producing animals

Animal species	Year of recovery of tested isolates	Country	% Prevalence^a	Species ST (CC)^b (genotype)	Vancomycin selection method	Reference
Poultry	1996	Spain	11/15	E. hirae/E. faecium (vanA)	+	114
Poultry	1997	Netherlands	29 (poultry and farmers)	E. faecium/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA)	+	126
			29 (poultry and farmers)	E. faecalis (vanA)
Poultry	1997	Norway	0.8–4.6	E. faecium ST26/ST146/ST195/ST242/ST248/ST9/ST241/ST244/ST245 (vanA)	+	127
Poultry	1997–1998	Spain	16	E. durans (vanA)	+	128
Poultry	1998–1999	Norway	34	E. faecium (vanA)	+	125
Poultry	2000–2007	Sweden	<1 (2000), 40 (2005), 30 (2006–2007)	E. faecium ST13/ST370/ST310 (vanA)	+	129
Poultry	2001–2004	Hungary	8.6 (2001), 23 (2002), 0 (2003–2007)	E. faecium/E. durans/E. mundtii (vanA)	+	130
Poultry	2002–2003	New Zealand	5.8	E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. durans (vanA)	+	131
Poultry	2002–2004	Czech Republic	2.1	E. faecium (vanA), E. faecium/E. faecalis (vanB)	–	132
Poultry	2003	Korea	1.4	E. faecium (vanA)	+	133
Poultry	2003–2004	Canada	0		–	134
Poultry	2003–2004	Canada	0		–	135
Poultry	2004	Portugal	9.2	E. faecium/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA)	+	136
Poultry	2005	Hungary	1.1	E. faecium/E. faecalis (vanA)	+	137
Poultry	2005–2008	Greece	14.4	E. faecium (vanA)	+	138
Poultry	2009	Germany	17.6	Enterococcus spp. (vanA)	+	139
Poultry	2000	Australia	8.6	E. faecium/E. mundtii/E. faecalis (vanC1)	+	140
	2008–2009		0	-	+
Poultry	2010	Denmark	47	E. faecium ST10/ST12/ST22/ST26/ST38/ST157/ST417/ST520/ST587/ST784/ST785/ST839/ST840/ST841/ST842 (vanA)	+	27
Poultry	2010–2011	Germany	0		–	141
Poultry	2013–2014	Poland	0.11	NS^c	–	142
Poultry	NS	Italy	8.7	NS	–	143
Poultry	NS	Sweden	55–70 (few samples)	E. faecium- ST310- (vanA)	+	144
Pigs	1998	Spain	6.1	E. faecium (vanA), E. hirae (vanB2)	+	145
Pigs	1998–1999	Spain	8.0	E. faecium (NS), E. hirae (NS), E. durans (NS)	+	146
Pigs and farm facilities	2006–2007	Portugal	5	E. faecium ST132/ST185 (CC5) (vanA), E. faecium ST443 (vanA), E. faecalis ST6 (CC2) (vanA)	+	85
Pigs	2009	USA	10.9	E. faecium ST5/ST6/ST185 (CC5) (vanA)	+	121
Pigs	2009–2010	USA	8.2	E. faecium ST5/ST6/ST185 (CC5) (vanA)	+	122
Pigs	2014	South Africa	NS	Enterococcus spp. (vanB)	–	147
Pigs	NS	Australia	0		NS	148
Poultry and pigs	1998–1999	Costa Rica	14.8 (poultry), 10.9 (pigs)	E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA)	+	149
Poultry and pigs	1998–2000	European countries	8.2	E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. hirae (vanA)	+	150
Poultry and pigs	2002	UK and Wales	24 (poultry), 5 (pigs)	E. faecium (vanA)	+	151
Poultry and pigs	2005	France	1.6 (poultry), 6.2 (pigs)	E. faecium/E. faecalis/Enterococcus spp. (vanA)	+	152
Poultry and pigs	2009	China	0		–	153
Poultry and cattle	2014	Nigeria	0		–	154
Poultry and cattle	NS	Ethiopia	30–54	NS	–	155
Poultry, pigs, cattle	2008–2013	China	0.2 (pigs), 0 (poultry), 0 (cattle)	E. faecium ST6 (CC5) (vanA)	+	156
Poultry, pigs, cattle	NS^a	Austria	47.8 (poultry), 0.5 (cattle), 0 (pigs)	E. faecium/E. durans (vanA)	+	157
Cattle	2003–2004 (healthy cattle)–2006 (sick cattle)	France	0.1 (healthy cattle), 0.4 (sick cattle)	E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. casseliflavus (vanA)	+	158
Cattle	NS^a	Australia	0		–	87
Equines and swine	2005	Italy	6.7 (equine), 16.1 (swine),	E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. casseliflavus (vanA)	+	159
Sheep, pigs, cattle	2008–2009	Portugal	25.3 (pigs), 2.7 (sheep), 0 (cattle)	E. faecium/E. hirae (vanA)	+	160
Farm animals	1998–2003	USA	0		+	161
Farm animals	2000–2001	Korea	0.67	E. faecium (vanA)	+	162
Farm animals	2001	Korea	16.7 (chicken), 1.9 (pigs), 0 (cattle)	E. faecium (vanA)	+	163
Ostriches	2009–2010	Portugal	7.4	E. durans (vanA)	+	164
Mullet fish	2006–2007	Portugal	3.9	E. faecium (vanA)	+	165

^{^a}

Some characteristics (year of isolation, or type of samples) are included in parenthesis

^{^b}

ST (CC), sequence type (clonal complex), if data are available

^{^c}

NS, not specified.