TABLE 2.
Summary of reports about detection of VRE with acquired mechanisms of resistance in food samples of animal origin
| Origin of the food sample | Year of recovery of tested isolates | Country | % Prevalencea | Species-ST (CC)b (genotype) | Vancomycin selection method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicken | 1995–1996 | Japan | 3.0 | E. faecium/E. faecalis (vanA) | – | 166 |
| Chicken | 1997–1998 | Spain | 27.2 | E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA) | + | 128 |
| Chicken | 1997–1998 | Belgium | 1.3 | E. faecium (NSc) | – | 167 |
| Chicken | 2000–2001 | Korea | 60 (15 samples) | E. faecium (vanA) | + | 162 |
| Chicken | 2000–2003 | Taiwan | 13.7 (2000), 3.7 (2003) (E. faecalis), 3.4 (2000)–0 (2003) (E. faecium) | E. faecium/E. faecalis (vanA) | + | 118 |
| Chicken | 2009 | Japan | 4.5 (22 samples) | E. cecorum (vanA) | + | 168 |
| Chicken | 2009 | Colombia | 3.7 | NSc | – | 169 |
| Chicken | 2009–2010 | Turkey | 0 | – | – | 170 |
| Chicken | NS | USA | 0 | – | – | 171 |
| Chicken | NS | UK | 18.5 | NS | + | 172 |
| Food and poultry | 1999–2001 | Portugal | 34.0 | E. faecium/E. faecalis/Enterococcus spp. (vanA) | + | 173 |
| Chicken and pork | 1996–1997 | Germany | 12.3 | E. faecium/E. durans/E. faecalis/E. hirae (vanA) | + | 174 |
| Chicken and pork | 1997–1998 | Italy | 15.9 (1997), 8.1 (1998) (poultry product)4.2 (1997), 6.9 (1998) (pork products) | E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA) | + | 175 |
| Chicken and pork | 1999 | France | 10.2 | E. faecium/E. durans (vanA) | + | 176 |
| Chicken and pork | 2011 | Japan | 0.6 (chicken meat) | E. faecium (vanN) | + | 177 |
| Various types of food | 2000–2002 | Germany | 0 | – | 178 | |
| Various types of food | 2010 | Argentina | 7.5 | E. faecium (vanA) | – | 179 |
| Various types of food | 2010 | Iran | NS | E. faecium ST669 (vanA) | + | 180 |
| Various types of food | 2010–2012 | Greece | 21.9 | E. faecium (vanA), E. faecium (vanA + vanB2/3), E. faecium (vanB2/3) | + | 181 |
| Various types of food | 2012 | Italy | 3.53 | NS | – | 182 |
| Various types of food | NS | Spain | 5.4 | NS | – | 183 |
| Various meats | 1997–1998 | Italy | 14.6 (1997), 8.0 (1998) | E. faecium/E. faecalis/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA) | + | 184 |
| Various meats | 2001–2002 | USA | 0 | – | 185 | |
| Various meats | 2003 | Korea | 44 | E. faecium (vanA) | + | 133 |
| Various meats and feces | 2004–2006 | Japan | 0 | + | 186 | |
| Various meats | 2007–2008 | Canada | 0 | – | 187 | |
| Various meats | 2007–2009 | Spain | 3.9 | E. faecium ST78 (CC17)/ST425 (vanA), E. durans/E. hirae (vanA), E. faecium ST17 (CC17) (vanB2) | + | 188 |
| Various meats | NS | Canada | 0 | – | 189 | |
| Various meats | NS | Spain | 19.4 | E. faecium/E. durans/E. hirae (vanA), E. faecium (vanB) | + | 190 |
| Retail meats | 2002–2014 | USA | 0 | – | 2 | |
| Cheese | 2005 | France | 0 | + | 191 | |
| Milk (sheep) | NS | Spain | 1.7 | E. faecalis ST168 (vanC1) | – | 192 |
| Shellfish | NS | UK | 2.7 | NS | – | 172 |
| Fish (Tilapia) | NS | Egypt | 37.5 (8 samples) | E. faecalis/E. gallinarum (vanA) | – | 193 |
| Frozen food | NS | Thailand | 9.7 | NS | – | 194 |
a
Some characteristics (year of isolation or type of samples) are included in parenthesis.
b
ST (CC), Sequence type (clonal complex), if data are available.
c
NS, not specified.