TABLE 5.
Summary of articles on the antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus isolated from animals from 2013 to 2017
| Animal | Country | Enterococcal specie | Percentage of resistance toa | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TET | ERY | HLR-GEN | CIP | ||||
| Food-producing and farm animals | |||||||
| Camels | Tunisia | Enterococcus spp. | 4 | 11 | 0 | ND | 254 |
| Chickens and pigs | China | Enterococcus spp. | 92.5 | 72.8 | 30 | ND | 153 |
| Aquaculture | Spain | E. faecalis | 0 | 5 | ND | 62 | 255 |
| E. faecium | 5 | 37 | ND | 26 | |||
| Rainbow trout | Spain | Enterococcus spp. | 27.1 | 41 | 7 | 0 | 256 |
| Marine aquaculture | Italy | Enterococcus spp. | 66 | 25 | 0 | ND | 257 |
| Tibetan pigs | Tibet | E. faecalis | 93.5 | 93.5 | 0 | 0 | 258 |
| E. faecium | 44.4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Farm animals | Argentina | E. faecalis | 100 | 50 | 0 | ND | 259 |
| Chickens | Southeast Asian countries | E. faecalis | 69.2 | 70.9 | 11.1 | 17.9 | 260 |
| E. faecium | 92.2 | 79.4 | 13.9 | 82.8 | |||
| Poultry | Italy | Enterococcus spp. | 65.2 | 87.8 | 60 | 70.4 | 143 |
| Beef and sheep | Tunisia | E. faecalis | 15 | 30 | 2.5 | 22.5 | 261 |
| Pigs | South Africa | E. faecalis | ND | 100 | ND | 45 | 147 |
| E. faecium | ND | 98.3 | ND | 94.1 | |||
| Poultry | Germany | E. faecalis | 82 | 70 | 98 | 14 | 141 |
| E. faecium | 67 | 89 | 89 | 72 | |||
| Poultry | Nigeria | Enterococcus spp. | 81.6 | 100 | 20 | ND | 262 |
| Chicken and turkey | Canada | Enterococcus spp. | 94 | 64–74 | 8–15 | 2–8 | 135 |
| Fish and seafood | Switzerland | E. faecalis | 16 | ND | 4 | 0 | 263 |
| Infection in poultry | Poland | E. cecorum | 29 | 51 | 1 | ND | 15 |
| Poultry and cattle | Nigeria | Enterococcus spp. | 61 | 61 | 32.7 | 9.7 | 154 |
| Mastitis in cows | China | Enterococcus spp. | 6.7 | ND | 50 | 25 | 264 |
| Cattle | Australia | E. faecalis | 7.3 | 10.4 | 0 | ND | 87 |
| E. faecium | 11.7 | 8.3 | 0 | ND | |||
| Pigs | Nigeria | E. faecalis | 60 | 68.7 | 85 | 0.5 | 265 |
| E. faecium | 20 | 31.5 | 40 | 7.4 | |||
| Donkey | Spain | E. faecium | 68 | 44 | 0 | 60 | 266 |
| Pets and companion animals | |||||||
| Healthy dogs and cats | Japan | Enterococcus spp. | ND | 40 | 44 | 25 | 267 |
| Hospitalized dogs | Korea | E. faecalis | 64.3 | 50 | 7.1 | 0 | 268 |
| E. faecium | 66.7 | 44.4 | 33.3 | 55.6 | |||
| Antibiotic-treated dogs and cats | Japan | E. faecalis | 58 | 52 | 38 | 30 | 198 |
| E. faecium | 15 | 28 | 21 | 8 | |||
| Various animals | Poland | E. faecalis | 36 | 48 | ND | 38 | 205 |
| E. faecium | 7 | 60 | ND | 46 | |||
| Healthy cats and dogs | Italy | Enterococcus spp. | 97.4 | 81.7 | 40.8 | 7.8 | 269 |
| Wild animals | |||||||
| Iberian lynx | Spain | Enterococcus spp. | 33 | 30 | 4 | 7 | 92 |
| Iberian wolf | Portugal | Enterococcus spp. | 55 | 22 | 1 | 15 | 90 |
| Echinoderms | Portugal | E. faecium | 31.7 | 33 | 0.8 | 30.8 | 65 |
| Red foxes | Portugal | E. faecalis | 81 | 36 | 18 | ND | 270 |
| E. faecium | 96 | 56 | 12 | ND | |||
| Wild birds | Portugal | E. faecalis | 32.3 | 15.3 | 0 | 15.3 | 209 |
| E. faecium | 45 | 15 | 0 | 32.5 | |||
| Eurasian otter | Portugal | E. faecalis | 32 | ND | 52 | ND | 271 |
| E. faecium | 78 | ND | 11 | ND | |||
| House flies | USA | E. faecalis | 60 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 272 |
| Wild birds | Tunisia | E. faecalis | 33 | 33 | 50 | 66 | 261 |
| E. faecium | 16 | 53 | 11 | 38 | |||
| Wild fur seals | Brazil | E. faecalis | 0 | 25 | 0 | 10 | 273 |
| Wild marine animals | Brazil | Enterococcus spp. | 14.5 | 32.2 | 0 | 20.9 | 274 |
| Seafood | Tunisia | E. faecalis | 42.9 | 38.1 | 14.3 | 52.4 | 275 |
| E. faecium | 18.2 | 27.3 | 0 | 63.6 | |||
| House flies | Thailand | Enterococcus spp. | 75 | 42.5 | ND | ND | 276 |
a
TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; HLR-GEN, high-level resistance to gentamicin; CIP, ciprofloxacin.