Fig 13. Reconstructed δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isoscape of Kosenivka.

δ¹³C of cereal grains adjusted by −2‰ to stand for vegetative plant parts. Values from animal bones reduced by diet–collagen offsets (δ¹³C 4.8‰, δ¹⁵N 5.5‰) to reflect the mean isotopic composition of the consumed plant material. Ranges of δ¹³C of consumed plant material estimated from bone collagen of recent herbivores for deciduous forests and forest-steppe from Drucker et al. [112], adapted to differences in offsets and Chalcolithic atmospheric δ¹³C concentration (see Materials and methods). Illustration: F. Schlütz, K. Fuchs.