Table 4. Summary of the means, standard deviations (SD), ranges, and results of Shapiro–Wilk test of δ13C and δ15N for the groups cereals, animals, and humans and their respective subgroups.
δ13C | δ15N** | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | SEM | Range | Shapiro–Wilk test | Mean ± SD | SEM | Range | Shapiro–Wilk test | ||||
N | [‰] | [‰] | [‰] | W | P | [‰] | [‰] | [‰] | W | p | |
Cereals | 14 | −23.47 ± 1.50 | ± 0.201 | −24.87 to −21.55 | 0.92 | 0.234 | 6.54 ± 2.15 | ± 0.287 | 4.70 to 8.57 | 0.98 | 0.963 |
T. dicoccum | 10 | −23.31 ± 1.48 | - | −24.17 to −21.55 | 0.88 | 0.118 | 6.70 ± 2.20 | - | 4.90 to 8.57 | 0.99 | 0.999 |
T. monococcum | 4 | −23.87 ± 1.41 | - | −24.87 to −23.29 | 0.88 | 0.349 | 6.13 ± 2.06 | - | 4.70 to 7.00 | 0.90 | 0.414 |
Animals | 13 | −20.85 ± 1.46 | ± 0.202 | −22.70 to −20.10 | 0.87 | 0.049* | 9.26 ± 2.58 | ± 0.357 | 7.35 to 11.10 | 0.92 | 0.267 |
Herbivores | 7 | −20.76 ± 1.81 | - | −22.70 to −20.10 | 0.74 | 0.009* | 9.60± 2.15 | - | 8.40 to 11.10 | 0.90 | 0.311 |
Sus scrofa | 1 | - | - | −20.2 | - | - | - | - | 10.3 | - | - |
undetermined | 5 | −21.11 ± 0.79 | - | −21.73 to −20.78 | 0.88 | 0.316 | 8.57 ±2.94 | - | 7.35 to 10.99 | 0.86 | 0.225 |
Humans | 8 | −19.90 ± 0.40 | ± 0.115 | −20.10 to −19.70 | 0.89 | 0.242 | 12.20 ± 1.51 | ± 0.436 | 11.50 to 13.00 | 0.99 | 0.780 |
For the categories animals and herbivores, a non-normal distribution of the δ13C values (p<0.05) is indicated by a *. SD = standard deviation. Standard error of the mean (SEM) for groups is that used in the FRUITS food web model.
** δ15N of cereals adjusted by −0.5‰ for charring.