Table 1.
The demographic and clinical characteristics according to TTA tertiles.
| TTA tertiles | Low (≤6 h) | Middle (>6, ≤24 h) | High ( >24 h) | P a | P b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 995 | 654 | 712 | ||
| Age (years) | 79.1±6.5 | 79.6±6.9 | 79.7±6.7 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Sex | 0.42 | – | |||
| Male | 300 (30.2%) | 207 (31.7%) | 236 (33.2%) | ||
| Female | 695 (69.8%) | 447 (68.3%) | 476 (66.8%) | ||
| Injury mechanism | 0.02 | - | |||
| Low velocity trauma | 961 (96.6%) | 634 (96.9%) | 691 (97.0%) | ||
| High velocity trauma | 30 (3.0%) | 19 (2.9%) | 12 (1.7%) | ||
| Unclear | 4 (0.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 9 (1.3%) | ||
| Fracture classification | <0.01 | – | |||
| Fracture | 789 (79.3%) | 485 (74.2%) | 471 (66.2%) | ||
| Femoral neck fracture | 206 (20.7%) | 169 (25.8%) | 241 (33.8%) | ||
| Transferred | 297 (30.0%) | 268 (41.3%) | 649 (92.6%) | <0.01 | – |
| Geography | |||||
| Suburban | 763 (77.2%) | 459 (70.7%) | 482 (68.8%) | <0.01 | – |
| Urban | 225 (22.8%) | 190 (29.3%) | 219 (31.2%) | ||
| Insurance status | |||||
| Residents medical insurance | 643 (65.1%) | 353 (54.4%) | 361 (51.5%) | <0.01 | – |
| Employee medical insurance | 345 (34.9%) | 296 (45.6%) | 340 (48.5%) | ||
| Timing of injuries | |||||
| Daytime | 688 (69.6%) | 619 (95.4%) | 563 (80.3%) | <0.01 | – |
| Night-time | 300 (30.4%) | 30 (4.6%) | 138 (19.7%) | ||
| Hypertension | 475 (47.7%) | 300 (45.9%) | 379 (53.2%) | 0.02 | – |
| Diabetes | 187 (18.8%) | 122 (18.7%) | 150 (21.1%) | 0.42 | – |
| CHD | 514 (51.7%) | 337 (51.5%) | 364 (51.1%) | 0.98 | |
| Arrhythmia | 293 (29.5%) | 206 (31.5%) | 258 (36.2%) | 0.01 | – |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 11 (1.1%) | 13 (2.0%) | 24 (3.4%) | 0.01 | – |
| Dementia | 13 (1.3%) | 29 (4.4%) | 47 (6.6%) | <0.01 | – |
| Ischemic stroke | 238 (23.9%) | 173 (26.5%) | 254 (35.7%) | <0.01 | – |
| Cancer | 28 (2.8%) | 16 (2.5%) | 21 (3.0%) | 0.84 | – |
| Multiple injuries | 64 (6.4%) | 42 (6.4%) | 57 (8.0%) | 0.38 | – |
| COPD | 53 (5.3%) | 39 (6.0%) | 45 (6.3%) | 0.67 | – |
| Hepatitis | 26 (2.6%) | 20 (3.1%) | 24 (3.4%) | 0.65 | – |
| Gastritis | 22 (2.2%) | 10 (1.5%) | 10 (1.4%) | 0.39 | – |
| aCCI | 4.1±1.0 | 4.1±1.0 | 4.4±1.1 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Treatment strategy | <0.01 | – | |||
| CRIF/ORIF | 784 (78.8%) | 477 (72.9%) | 463 (65.0%) | ||
| HA | 196 (19.7%) | 164 (25.1%) | 242 (34.0%) | ||
| THA | 15 (1.5%) | 13 (2.0%) | 7 (1.0%) | ||
| TTA (h) | 3.4±1.4 3 (1–6) |
17.4±7.3 24 (7–24) |
241.7±385.6 144 (26–5040) |
<0.01 | <0.01 |
| Time to operation (h) | 100.8±55.2 96 (24–480) |
108.0±55.2 96 (24–408) |
100.8±74.4 96 (24–816) |
0.08 | <0.01 |
| Operation time (mins) | 94.1±35.9 | 93.0±37.0 | 91.7±35.0 | 0.40 | 0.28 |
| Blood loss (ml) | 247.0±163.1 200 (10–1600) |
236.8±142.2 200 (10–1500) |
237.5±149.5 200 (30–1200) |
0.32 | 0.70 |
| Infusion (ml) | 1572.3±386.5 1600 (600–3200) |
1528.5±352.8 1600 (400–3200) |
1558.9±405.1 1600 (400–3700) |
0.08 | 0.12 |
| Stay in hospital (d) | 8.5±3.3 7 (4–37) |
8.6±2.9 8 (4–37) |
9.0±3.8 8 (4–27) |
0.01 | 0.02 |
| Follow-up (m) | 41.9±18.7 40.8 (0.0–83.4) |
39.4±19.3 39.10 (0.0–83.5) |
37.4±19.0 37.29 (0.0–83.9) |
<0.01 | <0.01 |
| Deaths in hospital | 16 (1.6%) | 13 (2.0%) | 7 (1.0%) | 0.31 | – |
| One-year mortality | 62 (6.2%) | 72 (11.0%) | 82 (11.5%) | <0.01 | – |
Mean+SD/N(%).
a
Parametric tests.
b
For continuous variables, we used the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test, and Fisher’s exact probability test for count variables with a theoretical number <10.