Table 1. – Baseline characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors | Year | Study design | N | Condition | Imaging method | Segmentation software | 3D Printer Model | Printing materials | Costs | Study purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhatla et al.9 | 2016 | Case series | 6 | VSD, DORV | MRI or CT scans | Materialise Mimics | - | - | - | Perioperative planning |
| Garekar et al.10 | 2016 | Case series | 5 | DORV | MRI or CT scans | - | 3D Systems Projet 660 pro full color | PLA filament | - | Perioperative planning and Education |
| Han et al.11 | 2019 | Control study | 12 (6/6) | interrupted aortic arch, VSD, DORV, hypoplasia of aortic arch, aortic atresia, aortic coarctation | CT scans | - | Formlabs | Photopolymer resin | - | Performance |
| He et al.12 | 2019 | Case series | 5 | ASD With an Inferior Sinus Venosus Defect | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | ZRapid SLA450 RAPID | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperative planning |
| Hoashi et al.13 | 2018 | Case series | 20 | DORV, TGA, interrupted aortic arch, TOF | CT scans | - | SOUP2 600GS and SCS-8100 | Photopolymer resin | 2000–3000 USD/model | Perioperative planning |
| Kappanayil et al.14 | 2017 | Case series | 5 | complex DORV, two patients with criss‐cross atrioventricular connections, CCTGA | MRI or CT scans | Materialise Mimics | - | Photopolymer resin or PLA | - | Perioperative planning |
| Matsubara et al.15 | 2019 | Control study | 11 (4/7) | PDA | CT scans | Ziostation2 and OsiriX | UP Plus2 3D printer | ABS filament | 90 USD/model | Planning and Performance |
| Nam et al.16 | 2021 | Control study | 6 | TOF; complex pulmonary stenosis | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | Stratasys Object500 Connex | Photosensitive Resin | 100 USD/model | Performance |
| Olivieri et al.17 | 2016 | Case series | 10 | Multiple CHD | MRI or CT scans | Materialise Mimics | Stratasys Object500 Connex | Photosensitive Resin | 200 USD/model | Education and knowledge |
| Ryan et al.18 | 2018 | Control study | 146 (33/113) | Pulmonary atresia, TOF, DORV, truncus arteriosus, vascular rings, single ventricle | MRI or CT scans | Geomagic and 3-matic | zPrinter 650 | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperatorive planning, performance and acceptance |
| Shi et al.19 | 2021 | Control study | 23 (10/13) | Balanced ventricular and Imbalanced ventricular group | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | BQ Witbox | PLA filament | - | Planning and performance |
| Sun et al.20 | 2017 | Case series | 5 | Kommerell’s diverticulum | CT scans | Medraw | Pangu V4.1 | PLA filament | - | Perioperative planning |
| Tiwari et al.21 | 2021 | Crossover study | 10 | DORV with VSD and other CHDs of ventriculoarterial discordance | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | - | PLA or PVA filament | 350 USD/model | Perioperative planning |
| Valverde et al.22 | 2017 | Crossover study | 40 | Multiple CHD, predominatly DORV with VSD | MRI or CT scans | ITK-SNAP Software | BQ Witbox | TPU filament | 300-500 USD/model | Perioperative planning |
| Wang et al.23 | 2016 | Case series | 6 | ASD with rim deficiency | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | ZRapid SLA450 RAPID | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperative planning |
| Xu et al.24 | 2019 | Case series | 15 | Multiple CHD | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | ISLA650 | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperative planning |
| Xu et al.25 | 2019 | Case series | 17 | Abnormal pulmonary venous drainage | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | ISLA650 | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperative planning |
| Yan et al.26 | 2018 | Case series | 35 | ASD with rim deficiency | CT scans | - | Objet350 Connex3 | Photosensitive Resin | 1200–1300 USD/model | Training and Performance |
| Yan et al.27 | 2018 | Case series | 7 | ASD with no right pulmonary vein rim | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | Objet350 Connex3 | Photosensitive Resin | - | Perioperative planning |
| Zhao et al.28 | 2018 | Control study | 25 (8/17) | DORV | CT scans | Materialise Mimics | ZPrinter 650 | Photosensitive Resin | - | Planning and Performance |
ASD: atrial septal defect; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot; DORV: double outlet right ventricle; TGA: transposition of great arteries; VSD: ventricular septal defect; CCTGA: congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries; CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PLA: Polylactic Acid; ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene; PVA: Polyvinyl Alcohol; TPU: Thermoplastic Polyurethane; CHD: congenital heart disease; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus.