Table 1. Summary of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with pancreatic cancer collected by PubMed.

No.	Author	Year	Bleeding site	Age (years)	Gender	Hemostasis	Outcome	Survival time	Pathological
1	Ghaphery	1966	Aorta	55	Female	EPD	F	0 hour	Unknown
2	Thorstad	1987	Superior mesenteric artery	57	Male	EH-TAE	F	0 hour	PDAC
3	Mullan	1990	Gastric fundic vein	63	Female	EPD	S	5 months	PDAC
4	Horiguchi	1994	Gastric fundic vein	63	Male	TAE	F	21 days	Unknown
5	McDermott	1995	Gastric fundic vein	46	Male	TAE	S	6 months	Unknown
6	Ferguson	1997	Gastric fundic vein	71	Male	EH-TAE	S	18 weeks	Unknown
7	Lin	2005	Duodenal wall	77	Male	EH	S	6 months	PDAC
8	Tomita	2006	Duodenal wall	67	Male	EH-EPD	S	2 years	PDAC
9	Maeda	2006	Pancreaticoduodenal artery	54	Female	EH-TAE-PD	S	37 days	SCA
10	Nikola Nikolov	2007	Vater	43	Female	EPD	S	Unknown	Unknown
11	Hidalgo	2010	Duodenal wall	56	Male	EH-PD	S	3 months	Unknown
12	Ryoji Takada	2014	Duodenal wall	43	Female	Unprocessed	S	7 months	Unknown
13	Higashiyama	2015	Gastroduodenal artery	69	Female	EH-TAE	S	10 hours	Unknown
14	Yoshifumi Morita	2018	Superior mesenteric artery	68	Male	EH	S	2 hours	Unknown
15	Zhe Jin	2021	Splenic artery	49	Male	EH-TAE	S	Unknown	Unknown
16	Yoshito Wada	2022	Duodenal wall	77	Female	EPD	S	12 months	PDAC
17	Present case	2023	Duodenal wall	42	Male	EPD + PVR	S	10 months	PDAC

EPD, emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy; F, failure to stop bleeding; EH, endoscopic hemostasis; TAE, transcatheter arterial embolization; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; S, successful hemostasis; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; SCA, serous cystadenoma; PVR, portal vein reconstruction.