Table 3.

Comparisons of material features and research status of BDBS stents.

Material category	Features	Research status	Degradation time	References
PDX	Commonly used, good flexibility, low mechanical strength	Human (in vivo)	3–6 months	(82, 106)
PLA	Good mechanical properties, adjustable degradation time, self-cleaning	Pigs, dogs, in vitro (bile)	>9 months	(1, 94, 95)
PCL	Good biocompatibility, drug-controlled release, low melting point	Pigs, in vitro (bile)	3 months	(96, 97, 102, 104)
PGA	Good biocompatibility, fast degradation	Pigs	2 months	(106, 108)
PLGA	Fast but adjustable degradation	In vitro (bile)	2–3 weeks	(90)
PTMC	Average mechanical strength, adjustable degradation time	Rats, in vitro	10–14 weeks	(109, 110)
Magnesium alloy	Widely used, safety, adjustable degradation speed, can inhibit the development of biliary tumors	Rabbits	20 weeks	(115–117)

PDX, polydioxanone; PLA, polylactic acid; PCL, polycaprolactone; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PTMC, poly (trimethylene carbonate).