Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to change in smoking status.
| Variable | All | Change in smoking status | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current smokers | Recent quitters | Long-term quitters | Non-smokers | |||
| Number of participants | 32,142 | 6,035 (18.8) |
3,650 (11.4) |
3,645 (11.3) |
18,812 (58.5) |
<.001 |
| Sex | <.001 | |||||
| Male | 16,782 (52.2) |
5,658 (93.8) |
3,406 (93.3) |
3,482 (95.5) |
4,236 (22.5) |
|
| Female | 15,360 (47.8) |
377 (6.3) |
244 (6.7) |
163 (4.5) |
14,576 (77.5) |
|
| Age, years | 58.9 ± 11.7 | 54.3 ± 11.6 | 58.8 ± 11.3 | 59.4 ± 10.9 | 60.3 ± 11.5 | <.001 |
| Baseline body mass index (kg/m2) | <.001 | |||||
| <18.5 | 674 (2.1) |
141 (2.3) |
62 (1.7) |
50 (1.4) |
421 (2.2) |
|
| 18.5-23 | 9,793 (30.5) |
1,869 (31.0) |
983 (26.9) |
938 (25.7) |
6,003 (31.9) |
|
| 23-25 | 8,449 (26.3) |
1,640 (27.2) |
1,028 (28.2) |
994 (27.3) |
4,787 (25.5) |
|
| 25-30 | 11,594 (36.1) |
2,090 (34.6) |
1,438 (39.4) |
1,494 (41.0) |
6,572 (34.9) |
|
| ≥30 | 1,632 (5.1) |
295 (4.9) |
139 (3.8) |
169 (4.6) |
1,029 (5.5) |
|
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.2 ± 42.1 | 193.4 ± 38.9 | 190.7 ± 55.8 | 189.3 ± 38.0 | 196.1 ± 40.7 | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.4 ± 15.2 | 125.7 ± 14.7 | 127.0 ± 14.4 | 127.9 ± 14.5 | 126.2 ± 15.7 | <.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.4 ± 9.8 | 78.0 ± 9.7 | 78.2 ± 9.7 | 78.4 ± 9.6 | 76.8 ± 9.8 | <.001 |
| Household income | <.001 | |||||
| Low | 5,052 (15.7) |
927 (15.4) |
521 (14.3) |
462 (12.7) |
3,142 (16.7) |
|
| Middle | 13,303 (41.4) |
2,700 (44.7) |
1,423 (39.0) |
1,389 (38.1) |
7,791 (41.4) |
|
| High | 13,787 (42.9) |
2,408 (39.9) |
1,706 (46.7) |
1,794 (49.2) |
7,879 (41.9) |
|
| Alcohol consumption (days/week) | <.001 | |||||
| <1 | 20,068 (62.4) |
1,852 (30.7) |
1,616 (44.3) |
1,469 (40.3) |
15,131 (80.4) |
|
| 1-4 | 10,385 (32.3) |
3,550 (58.8) |
1,708 (46.8) |
1,835 (50.3) |
3,292 (17.5) |
|
| ≥5 | 1,689 (5.3) |
633 (10.5) |
326 (8.9) |
341 (9.4) |
389 (2.1) |
|
| Physical activity (days/week) | <.001 | |||||
| <1 | 19,875 (61.8) |
3,397 (56.3) |
1,973 (54.1) |
1,840 (50.5) |
12,665 (67.3) |
|
| 1-4 | 9,761 (30.4) |
2,247 (37.2) |
1,336 (36.6) |
1,399 (38.4) |
4,779 (25.4) |
|
| ≥5 | 2,506 (7.8) |
391 (6.5) |
341 (9.3) |
406 (11.1) |
1,368 (7.3) |
|
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 16,457 (51.2) |
2,633 (43.6) |
1,893 (51.9) |
2,002 (54.9) |
9,929 (52.8) |
<.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 11,346 (35.3) |
2,000 (33.1) |
1,202 (32.9) |
1,329 (36.5) |
6,815 (36.2) |
<.001 |
| Cancer | 1,308 (4.1) |
140 (2.3) |
195 (5.3) |
207 (5.7) |
766 (4.1) |
<.001 |
p-value represents statistical difference in basic characteristics among study participants according to change in smoking status. p-values are calculated by ANOVA test, or Chi-square test. Data are expressed as the mean±standard deviation, or number of participants (%).
Italicized value means total number of study participants in our study.