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. 2024 Dec 12;14(53):39285–39296. doi: 10.1039/d4ra06071g

Mineralogical compositions of coal gangues in various countries2,7.

Mineral Belgium Czech Republic Germany Spain Britain Russia China
Illite 80 10–45 41–66 20–60 10–31 5–30 10–30
Kaolinite 12 20–45 4–25 3–30 10–40 1–60 10–67
Chlorite 5 0–15 1–3 0–7 2–7 2–11
Quartz 8 10–50 13–27 5–57 15–25 15–35
Iron ore 0.5 0–25 0.5–5 2–10 0.2–8 2–10
Organic matters 10 0–25 5–10 4–30 5–25 8–40 5–25